Seven [35%] and five [25%] Serratia marcescens isolates were obtained out of 20 samples of lettuce and 20 samples of spinach, respectively, taken from different locations in a farm in Baghdad city. The isolate that produced chitinase in higher level was chosen to purify chitinase through several stages of purification including: ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE- sephadex ion exchange chromatograpgy and sephadex G-200 gel filtration with 89.5- fold purification and 30% recovery. The purified chitinase was characterized and the molecular weight of enzyme was 59000 daltons by using gel filtration chromatography. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified chitinase were 6.0 and 50° c, respectively, and the purified enzyme was stable on pH 5-7 up to 50° c. The enzyme was activated by Ca+2 , Cu+2 , Mg+2 and inhibited by Hg+2. In addition , Triton x-100 and n-ethylmaleimide increased the chitinase activity while EDTA, methanol, ethanol and acetone inhibited enzyme activity; and this indicates that chitinase is a metaloenzyme. Chitinase showed stronger inhibitory activity to Fusarium solaini compared with Aspergillus flavus with percent of inhibition 83 and 69%, respectively . Therefore, this research leads to increase interest by using the chitinase as biocontrol agent of phytopathogenic fungi and insects , production of chito –oligosaccharides,preparartion of sphaeroplast and protoplast from yeast and fungi and bioconversion of chitin waste to single cell protein for animal feed.
In this research, production of ethanol from waste potatoes fermentation was studied using Saccharmyses cerevisiae. Potato Flour was prepared from potato tubers after cooking and drying at 85°C. Homogenous slurry of potato flour was prepared in water at solid liquid ratio 1:10. Liquefaction of potato flour slurry with α-amylase at 80°C for 40 min followed by saccharification with glucoamylase at 65°C for 2 hr .Fermentation of hydrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 35°C for two days resulted in production of 33 g/l ethanol.
The parameters studied were; temperature, time of fermentation and pH. It was found that Saccharification process is affected by enzyme Amylo 300 conc
... Show MoreCeramic body as a refractory was prepared by using shamoot, which is prepared by firing kaolin Duekhla at 1450 ºC at 2hr ,Flint clay ,Asbestos fiber(Anthophylite type)and Sodium silicts,Phosphoric acid solution as a binder . After miling, siving ,and mixing ,samples were formed, followed that drying, firing at different temperature. Phyical ,thermal and mechanical properties were measured .The conclusion behind the results that the refractory prepared from; 37.5% shamoote,25% Asbestos ,37.5% Flint clay and Phosforic acid solution fired at 1300 ºC gave a refractory material having melting temperature ;1490 ºC, thermal shock resistance 7 cycle, thermal conductivity 2.1w/m2.K, apperan
... Show MoreThe extraction process of chlorophyll from dehydrated and pulverized alfalfa plant were studied by percolation method. Two solvent systems were used for the extraction namely; Ethanol-water and Hexane-Toluene systems . The effect of circulation rate, solvent concentration, and solvent volume to solid weight ratio were studied. In both ethanol water, and Hexane-Toluene systems it appears that solvent concentration is the most effective variable.
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The present study aims to detect CTX-M-type ESBL from Escherichia coli clinical isolates and to analyze their antibotic susceptibility patterns. One hundred of E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical samples from a tertiary hospital. ESBL positivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. PCR used for amplification of CTX-M-type ESBL produced by E. coli. Out of 100 E. coli isolates, twenty-four isolates (24%) were ESBL-producers. E. coli isolated from pus was the most frequent clinical specimen that produced ESBL (41.66%) followed by urine (34.21%), respiratory (22.23%), and blood (19.05%). After PCR amplification of these 24 isolates, 10 (41.66%) isolates were found to possess CTX-M genes. The CTX-M type ESBL
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The aim of the work is synthesis and characterization of new bidentate chalcone ligand type (NO):[(E)-1-(3-aminophenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one] [H2L], from the reaction of 3-amino acetophenone with 4-chloro benzaldehyde to produce the ligand [H2L], the reaction was carried out in ethanol as a solvent under stirring. The prepared ligand [H2L] was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, 1H, 13C-NMR spectra, Mass spectra, (C.H.N) and melting point. The complexes of ligand [H2L] were prepared with metal ion M(Π).Where M(Π) = (Mn ,Co ,Ni and Cu) at reflux ,using ethanol as a solvent and KOH as a base with molecular formula [M (H2L)2] +2 where: H2L= (C15H12NOCl). All the complexes were characterized by spectroscopic met
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