New simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of paracetamol in aqueous medium were developed. The first method is based on coupling of paracetamol with p-amino-2-hydroxy sodium benzoate (AHB) in the presence of sodium periodate, as oxidizing agent, to form a brownish-orange compound which shows a λmax at 470 nm. The molar absorptivity (εmax) of the colored product was found to be (3371) l.mole1.cm-1 and Sandel’s index 0.0449 μg.cm-2. The method follows Beer’s law in the concentration range of 12.5-500.0 μg of paracetamol in a final volume of 25 ml (0.5-20.0) μg.ml-1 with relative standard deviation percent (R.S.D%) ranged between 0.26-4.71% and accuracy, expressed by recovery percent, 95-106% for five levels of parcetamol concentration. The second method is based on indirect spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of paracetamol, after its hydrolysis in acidic medium and the reaction of hydrolyzed product (p-aminophenol) with p-amino-2-hydroxy sodium benzoate in the presence of sodium periodate in alkaline medium. A bluish-violet water soluble compound is formed with λmax =580nm and εmax =11884 l.mole-1.cm-1 and Sandel’s index 0.0127 μg.cm-2. Beer’s law is applicable for concentration range of paracetamol 12.5-500.0 μg per 25 ml volume of solution (0.5-20.0) μg.ml-1 with (R.S.D %) ranged between 0.60-1.10 % and recovery percent 94.28-101.6% for three levels of parcetamol concentration. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations by both direct and standard addition method and for three levels of concentration.
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Albizia lebbeck biomass was used as an adsorbent material in the present study to remove methyl red dye from an aqueous solution. A central composite rotatable design model was used to predict the dye removal efficiency. The optimization was accomplished under a temperature and mixing control system (37?C) with different particle size of 300 and 600 ?m. Highest adsorption efficiencies were obtained at lower dye concentrations and lower weight of adsorbent. The adsorption time, more than 48 h, was found to have a negative effect on the removal efficiency due to secondary metabolites compounds. However, the adsorption time was found to have a positive effect at high dye concentrations and high adsorbent weight. The colour removal effi
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