In the current century, nanotechnology has gained great interest due to its ability to modify the size of metals to the nanoscale, which dramatically changes the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of metals relative to their bulk counterparts. The approaches used to create nanoparticles (NPs) are physical, و chemical and وbiological. The shortcomings in physical and chemical synthesis approaches, such as the generation of toxic by-products, and energy consume as they require high temperature, pressure, power and lethal chemicals, contributed to an increased interest in biological synthesis by plants. Scientists have created a new filed called as "green nanotechnology" by fusing the idea of sustainability with nanotechno

   The occurrences of invasive candidiasis has increased over the previous few decades. Although Candida albicans considers as one of the most common species of organisms, that cause acquired fungal infections. Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and inherent in as a lifelong, the yeast is present in healthy individuals as a commensal, and can reside harmlessly in human body. However, in immuno-compromised individuals, the fungus can invade tissues, producing superficial infections and, in severe cases, life-threatening systemic infections. This review wills emphasis on virulence factor of C. albicans including (adhesion, invasion, candida proteinase, and phenotypic switching and biofilm formation. I

Phenol condensed with β-keto esters via Pechmann condensation to form derivatives of Coumarin in various reaction conditions by two ways. Present paper is comparative study of synthesis Coumarin with the yield of product , reaction time and reaction conditions.

Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) has long been recognized as a technology that provides future proof bandwidth [1], but has generally been too expensive to implement on a wide scale. However, reductions in the cost of electro-optic components and improvements in the handling of fiber optics now make FTTH a cost effective solution in many situations. The transition to FTTH in the access network is also a benefit for both consumers and service providers because it opens up the near limitless capacity of the core long-haul network to the local user. In this paper individual passive optical components, transceivers, and fibers has been put together to form a complete FTTH network. Then the implementation of the under construction Baghdad/Al

The development of microcontroller is used in monitoring and data acquisition recently. This development has born various architectures for spreading and interfacing the microcontroller in network environment. Some of existing architecture suffers from redundant in resources, extra processing, high cost and delay in response. This paper presents flexible concise architecture for building distributed microcontroller networked system. The system consists of only one server, works through the internet, and a set of microcontrollers distributed in different sites. Each microcontroller is connected through the Ethernet to the internet. In this system the client requesting data from certain side is accomplished through just one server that is in

The finite element approach is used to solve a variety of difficulties, including well bore stability, fluid flow production and injection wells, mechanical issues and others. Geomechanics is a term that includes a number of important aspects in the petroleum industry, such as studying the changes that can be occur in oil reservoirs and geological structures, and providing a picture of oil well stability during drilling. The current review study concerned about the advancements in the application of the finite element method (FEM) in the geomechanical field over a course of century.

Firstly, the study presented the early advancements of this method by development the structural framework of stress, make numerical computer solution

     A sensitive and environmentally benign spectrometric method was developed for quantifying Meprobamate (MEP). The analyzed MEP was derivatized into a colored complex and determined spectrometrically. The colorimetric analytical parameters were optimized and validated. Low limit of detection (LOD) was achieved down to 1.88×10^-6 mol/l while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was extended over the range of 1.97×10^-6 - 1.35×10^-3 mol/l. The high precision has been denoted by the 1.54% value of the coefficient of variation. The recovery was 96.07%, while the RSD (n=3) was 1.05 - 1.19%. The apparent molar absorptivity (Ɛ) obtained within 1154.7 - 1691.9 L.mol^-1.cm

The dynamics of a single condensing two-phase bubble of two different dispersed-continuous systems were studied. The systems were, CCl₄ - water and CCl₄ - 100% glycerol. Cinephotography was used to determine the change in height, diameter and time. These results were used to determine the experimental rise velocity of the bubble, which was compared with a theoretical one based on some equations used. It was found that the velocity of the first system remained almost constant, while it decreased gradually for the second system.