The electronic properties (such as energy gap HOMO levels. LUMO levels, density of state and density of bonds in addition to spectroscopic properties like IR spectra, Raman spectra, force constant and reduced masses as a function of frequency) of coronene C₂₄ and reduced graphene oxide C₂₄O_X , where x=1-5, were studied.. The  methodology employed was  Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Hybrid function B3LYP and 6-311G** basis sets. The energy gap was calculated for C₂₄ to be 3.5 eV and for C₂₄O_x was from 0.89 to 1.6862 eV  for x=1-5 ,respectively.   These energy gaps values are comparable to the measured gap of Graphene (1-2.2 eV). The spectroscopic propertie

       As the diversity and characteristics of Trichoderma species are difficult to determine using morphological methods, henceforth molecular tools are crucial. This study utilized random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique to investigate the genetic diversity of Trichoderma with sexual phase Hypocrea and to identify similarities and differences in the phylogenetic tree. Nine Iraqi Trichoderma strains (four strains of T. atroviride, one strain of Hypocrea lixii, two strains of T. gamsii and two strains of T. longibriantium) were examined in this research. The genomic DNA of each species was extracted and amplified with each of the fiv

The inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus rostrata leaves extraction was investigated on multiple-antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (E.coli and S. aureus), isolated from Iraqi patients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations in a final concentration of 10 mg/ml. Tow fold dilutions was done from (12.5- 100) mg/ ml to examine the antibacterial effect of different concentrations of the plant extract on both bacteria. The study results revealed that Eucalyptus rostrata extract has a potential inhibitory effect on both gram negative and gram positive species. The current study supports the traditional approach of using Eucalyptus rostrata leaves extraction in treatment trails against bacterial infections.

     All life stages of the pentatomid stink bug Mustha spinulosa (Lefebrve, 1831) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) collected from several types of trees in Erbil Governorate, North Iraq, along with their morphometrical description, were illustrated. Eggs are barrel in shape, green in color when freshly laid, and usually deposited in clusters that contain 14 eggs each (sometimes 12). Nymphs complete their stage through 5 instars. Head, pronotum, and connexivum of the adults and instars are with pale pink and gray spines; female is slightly larger than male; female is 27.30 mm long and 12.80 mm wide, while male is 25.80 mm long and 11.98 mm wide. Labium proboscis is1.25 ± 0.01 cm long, with brown blackish color. A p

Abstract

This paper concerned with study the effect of a graphite micro powder mixed in the kerosene dielectric fluid during powder mixing electric discharge machining (PMEDM) of high carbon high chromium AISI D2 steel. The type of electrode (copper and graphite), the pulse current and the pulse-on time and mixing powder in kerosene dielectric fluid are taken as the process main input parameters. The material removal rate MRR, the tool wear ratio TWR and the work piece surface roughness (SR) are taken as output parameters to measure the process performance. The experiments are planned using response surface methodology (RSM) design procedure. Empirical models are developed for MRR, TWR and SR, using the analysis

The present work reports on the performance of three types of nanofiltration membranes in the removal of highly polluting and toxic lead (Pb²⁺) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) from single and binary salt aqueous solutions simulating real wastewaters. The effect of the operating variables (pH (5.5-6.5), types of NF membrane and initial ions concentration (10-250 ppm)) on the separation process and water flux was investigated. It was observed that the rejection efficiency increased with increasing pH of solution and decreasing the initial metal ions concentrations. While the flux decreased with increasing pH of solution and increasing initial metal ions concentrations. The maximum rejection of lead and cadmium ion

The new ligand N-[2-(2-Phenyl hydrazinyl)Phenyl]benzothiazol-2-amine (L) was prepared from the reaction of orthoaminohydrazo benzene with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in mole ratio (1:1). It was characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), 1H, 13C-NMR, IR and UV-Vis. The complexes of the bivalent ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) have been prepared and characterized. The structural feature were established by elemental analysis (CHN), IR, UV-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements, atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility. All complexes have been showed octahedral geometry except Cu(II) complex showed square planer. Dissociation degree, stability constant and molar absorptivity (l. mol-1. cm-1) were calculated for all c

  The relationship between the vision of the scenario and the director is represented in the second search for new mechanisms and possibilities that possess the direct effect and synonyms of the vision of the scenario, so he works on investing them in achieving his ideas and visions with more effectiveness and flexibility to achieve creative potentials, without resorting to the installations and expressive structures themselves that have exhausted their meaning, and lost their luster due to Its prevalence and familiarity on the one hand, and its activation on the other hand to achieve modernity at the level of aromas, after the director takes a method or approach that has privacy and exclusivity, and based on the foregoing, getting

Photonic Crystal Fiber Interferometers (PCFIs) are widely used for sensing applications. This work presents the fabrication and study the characterization of a relative humidity sensor based on a polymer-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber that operates in a Mach- Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) reflection mode. The fabrication of the sensor only involves splicing and cleaving Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) with Single Mode Fiber (SMF). A stub of (LMA-10) PCF spliced to SMF (Corning-28). In the splice regions. The PCFI sensor operation based on the adsorption and desorption of water vapour at the silica-air interface within the PCF. The sensor shows a high sensitivity to RH variations from (27% RH - 95% RH), with a change in its reflected powe

This research was carried out to determine the impact of heat shock, electric shock and seeds in soaking nitrous acid mutagen solution on three cultivars of faba beans plant (Zaina, Aguadulce and Local) at the year 2012-2013. Factorial experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were used. The results showed that heat shock lead to early plants of 50% in flowering and an increase in the number of branches/plant and the number of seeds/pod compared to other treatments, whereas the seeds soaked in nitrous acid mutagen solution gave the highest plant height, leaf area index, number of pods/plant, seed weight, seed yield kg/ha, and did not differ significantly with treatment of electric shock in the