To enlighten the extent of crude oil pollution effects on some anatomical characteristics of olive plant (Olea europaea ). Two years - old seedlings were chosen to grow under 5 levels of pollution (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, liter/ plant). The experiment has been conducted in the experimental field of Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad. It was designed as CRD experiment. Testing wood specimens were prepared after 2.5 years of growth. Fiber length, width, wall thickness, and wood specific gravity were measured. Results showed that olive plants could not resist the highest level ( 3 liters / plant ) of pollution .Fiber length was the most affected property by treatment. All fiber dimensions were decreased with the increase of pollution level. The reduction was unsystematic. 12% of the fiber length was reduced as a result of pollution. Wood specific gravity of polluted plants showed few higher values than that of control. Lower parts of stem seemed to be more affected, that may be because these parts are fare away from crown ( the source of oxen ).
Consequences of Soil Crude Oil Pollution on Some Wood Properties of Olive Trees
olive
wood
soil
pollution
properties
crude
oil.
Publication Date
Tue Oct 20 2020
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Fuzzy Semimaximal Submodules
Let R be a commutative ring with unity and an R-submodule N is called semimaximal if and only if Mâ„(Nis a semisimple R-module ).The main objective of this work is to fuzzify this concept
study the basic properties and we investigate the sufficient conditions of F-submodules to be semimaximal .Also the concepts of (simple
semisimple) F- submodules and quotient F- modules are introduced and given some properties .
Let R be a commutative ring with unity and an R-submodule N is called semimaximal if and only if
the sufficient conditions of F-submodules to be semimaximal .Also the concepts of (simple , semisimple) F- submodules and quotient F- modules are introduced and given some properties .
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