Determining the actual amounts of active ingredients in various pharmaceutical commercial forms is still receiving a lot of attention. Two flow injection analysis (FIA) methods were suggested for determination of mesalazine (MES) in pharmaceutical forms. Normal and reverse FIA systems (nFIA and rFIA) combined with UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique were used for the analysis. The methods involved using two mods of FIA systems for measuring a colored product result from coupling of MES with 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl after oxidized with sodium periodate in alkaline medium. The absorbance of the red colored dye was measured at maximum wavelength of 500 nm. The calibration graphs for MES were linear in the ranges 2.5-200 and 0.5-60 µg/mL with RSD of best than 3% for both methods respectively. Also the limits of detection were 1.2 and 0.2 µg/mL and limits of quantitation were 3.6 and 0.7 µg/mL of MSL for nFIA and rFIA systems respectively. All physical and chemical conditions of flow systems such as flow rate, reaction coil length and reagent concentrations were carefully studied. The proposed methods were applied for determining MES in four commercial tablets without any interferences.
In this paper, estimation of system reliability of the multi-components in stress-strength model R(s,k) is considered, when the stress and strength are independent random variables and follows the Exponentiated Weibull Distribution (EWD) with known first shape parameter θ and, the second shape parameter α is unknown using different estimation methods. Comparisons among the proposed estimators through Monte Carlo simulation technique were made depend on mean squared error (MSE) criteria
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A new mode of methodology was adopted in the assay of PM- HCL based on the use of water crystal gel bead made of poly acrylic acid in which the gel beads were left to absorbe persulphate solution that is necessary for the oxidation of PM- HCL in aqua media . The water crystal act as a reserviour for S2O82- . Optimum parameters were studied giving to specify the chemical and physical parameters. Two line manifold was used .The flow rates of 1.5 and 1.2 ml.min-1 was used , 3 gel beads , 120 μL sample volume , a linear dynamic range extend from 0.01- 18 mmol.L-1. A correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9991while the percentage linearity (r2%) of 99.82% with R.S.D% at 8 mmol.L-1 promethazine-HCl is less than 0.5% (ten replicates) and a detection
... Show MoreThe permeability is the most important parameter that indicates how efficient the reservoir fluids flow through the rock pores to the wellbore. Well-log evaluation and core measurements techniques are typically used to estimate it. In this paper, the permeability has been predicted by using classical and Flow zone indicator methods. A comparison between the two methods shows the superiority of the FZI method correlations, these correlations can be used to estimate permeability in un-cored wells with a good approximation.
PVC membrane sensor for the selective determination of Mefenamic acid (MFA) was constructed. The sensor is based on ion association of MFA with Dodecaphospho molybdic acid (PMA) and Dodeca–Tungstophosphoric acid(PTA) as ion pairs. Nitro benzene (NB) and di-butyl phthalate (DBPH) were used as plasticizing agents in PVC matrix membranes. The specification of sensor based on PMA showed a linear response of a concentration range 1.0 × 10–2 –1.0 × 10–5 M, Nernstian slopes of 17.1-18.86 mV/ decade, detection limit of 7 × 10-5 -9.5 × 10 -7M, pH range 3 – 8 , with correlation coefficients lying between 0.9992 and 0.9976, respectively. By using the ionphore based on PTA gives a concentration range of 1.0 × 10–4 –1.0 × 10–5 M,
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Metoclopramide (MCP) ion selective electrodes based on metoclopramide-phosphotungstic acid (MCP-PT) ion pair complex in PVC matrix membrane were constructed. The plasticizers used were tri-butyl phosphate (TBP), di-octyl phenyl phosphonate (DOPP), di-butyl phthalate (DBPH), di-octyl phthalate (DOP), di-butyl phosphate (DBP), bis 2-ethyl hexyl phosphate (BEHP). The sensors based on TBP, DOPP, DBPH and DOP display a fast, stable and linear response with slopes 59.9, 57.7, 57.4, 55.3 mV/decade respectively at pH ranged 2-6. The linear concentration range between 1.0×10-5 – 1.0×10-2 M with detection limit 3.0×10-6 and 4.0×10-6 M for electrodes using TBP, DOPP and DBPH while e
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New, simple and sensitive batch and Flow-injecton spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Thymol in pure form and in mouth wash preparations have been proposed in this study. These methods were based on a diazotization and coupling reaction between Thymol and diazotized procaine HCl in alkaline medium to form an intense orange-red water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 474 nm. A graphs of absorbance versus concentration show that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.4-4.8 and 4-80 µg.ml-1 of Thymol, with detection limits of 0.072 and 1.807 µg.ml-1 of Thymol for batch and FIA methods respectively. The FIA procedure sample throughput was 80 h-1. All different chemical and physical e
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New, simple and sensitive batch and nFIA spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Vancomycin Hydrochloride in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations were proposed, These method's were based on diazotization and coupling reaction between Vancomycin Hydrochloride and diazotized O-nitroaniline in alkaline medium to form Orange water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorbance at 465nm. Acalibration graph shows that aBeer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.8-60 and 5-400 μg.mL-1 of Vancomycin Hydrochloride with detection limit's of 0.16 and 1.666 μg.mL-1 of Vancomycin Hydrochloride for batch and nFIA methods, respectively. The FIA procedure sample throughput was 80 h-1. All different chemicals an
... Show MoreThe knowledge of the quantity of total solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces is very important in the calculations of heating and cooling loads in architecture and in the design of certain solar energy applications such as photovoltaic and solar collectors. This paper estimates the total solar radiation on inclined surfaces in Baghdad (Lat. 330 21' N 440 14' long and 34m above MSL). A good model was used to estimate hourly total solar radiation on the inclined surface with different elevations (150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900) from a horizontal surface. The mean hourly, daily and monthl
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A load flow program is developed using MATLAB and based on the Newton–Raphson method,which shows very fast and efficient rate of convergence as well as computationally the proposed method is very efficient and it requires less computer memory through the use of sparsing method and other methods in programming to accelerate the run speed to be near the real time.
The designed program computes the voltage magnitudes and phase angles at each bus of the network under steady–state operating conditions. It also computes the power flow and power losses for all equipment, including transformers and transmission lines taking into consideration the effects of off–nominal, tap and phase shift transformers, generators, shunt capacitors, sh
Four different spectrophotometric methods are used in this study for the determination of Sulfamethoxazole and sulfanilamide drugs in pharmaceutical compounds, synthetic samples, and in their pure forms. The work comprises four chapters which are shown in the following: Chapter One: Includes a brief for Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) Absorption spectroscopy, antibacterial drugs and sulfonamides with some methods for their determination. The chapter lists two methods for optimization; univariate method and multivariate method. The later includes different types, two of these were mentioned; simplex method and design of experiment method. Chapter Two: Includes reaction of the two studied drugs with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid for diazo
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