In this study, the effect of pumping power on the conversion efficiency of nonlinear crystal (KTP) was investigated using laser pump-power technique. The results showed that the higher the pumping power values, the greater the conversion efficiency (η) and, as the crystal thickness increases within limitations, the energy conversion efficiency increases at delay time of (0.333 ns) and at room temperature. Efficiency of 80% at length of KTP crystal (L = 1.75 X 10^-3 m) and P_in = 28MW, and also, compare the experimental results with numerical results by using MATLAB program. 

Wheat straw was modified with malonic acid in order to get low cost adsorbent have a good ability to remove copper and ferric ions from aqueous solutions, chemical modification temperature was 120°C and the time was 12 h. Parameters that affect the adsorption experiments were studied and found the optimum pH were 6 and 5 for copper and iron respectively and the time interval was 120 min and the adsorbent mass was 0.1 g. The values for adsorption isotherms parameters were determined according to Langmuir [qmax were 54.64 and 61.7 mg/g while b values were 0.234 and 0.22 mg/l] , Freundlich [Kf were 16.07 and 18.89 mg/g and n were 2.77 and 3.16], Temkin [B were 0.063 and 0.074 j/mol and At were 0.143 and 1.658 l/g] and for Dubinin-Radushkev

Free-Space Optical (FSO) can provide high-speed communications when the effect of turbulence is not serious. However, Space-Time-Block-Code (STBC) is a good candidate to mitigate this seriousness. This paper proposes a hybrid of an Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) and STBC in FSO communication for last mile solutions, where access to remote areas is complicated. The main weakness effecting a FSO link is the atmospheric turbulence. The feasibility of employing STBC in OCDMA is to mitigate these effects. The current work evaluates the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance of OCDMA operating under the scintillation effect, where this effect can be described by the gamma-gamma model. The most obvious finding to emerge from the analysis

In this study, an easy, low-cost, green, and environmentally
friendlier reagents have been used to prepare CdS QDs, in chemical
reaction method by mixed different ratio of CdO and sulfur in
paraffin liquid as solvent and oleic acid as the reacting media in
different concentration to get the optimum condition of the reaction
to formation CdS QDs. The results give an indication that the
behavior is at small concentration of 4ml of the oleic acid is best
concentration which give CdS QDs of small about to 9.23 nm with
nano fiber configuration.

The electrical properties of pure NiO and NiO:Au Films which are
deposited on glass substrate with various dopant concentrations
(1wt.%, 2wt%, 3wt.% and 4wt.%) at room temperature 450 Co
annealing temperature will be presented. The results of the hall effect
showed that all the films were p-type. The Hall mobility decreases
while both carrier concentration and conductivity increases with the
increasing of annealing temperatures and doping percentage, Thus,
indicating the behavior of semiconductor, and also the D.C
conductivity from which the activation energy decrease with the
doping concentration increase and transport mechanism of the charge
carriers can be estimated.

CdSe thin films were deposited on glass sudstrate by thermal evaporation method with thickness of (300±25%) nm with deposition rate (2±0.1) nm/s and at substrate temperature at (R.T.). XRD analysis reveals that the structure of pure thin films are Hexagonal and polycrystalline with preferential orientation (002). In this research ,we study the effect of doping with (1,2,3)% Aluminum on optical energy gap of (CdSe) thin film . The absorption was studied by using (UV - Visible 1800 spectra photometer ) within the wavelength (300-1100) nm absorption coefficient was calculated as a function of incident photon energy for identify type of electronic transitions it is found that the type of transition is direct , and we calculated the opt