Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of health disorders that mainly result from overweight and obesity. It increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. (MetS) closely related to the existence weight gain or Obesity and laziness. It increases the serum levels of TNF-α and change the levels of a number of other parameters (e.g., adiponectin, resistin, and PAI-1). TNF-α dose not only appear to cause the production of inflammatory cytokines. It can trigger cell signaling by interacting with TNF-α receptors that can lead to insulin resistance. Usually, the digestive system molders the foods you eat and converts them to glucose. Insulin is an anabolic hormone produced by the pancreas that aids glucose get in your cells. To be utilize, as an energy source .Cells do not respond to insulin normally, and sugar cannot easily enter cells in people with insulin resistance. As outcome, blood glucose rises, until the body produces more insulin in an attempt to lower blood sugar. The following factors increase the chance of developing MetS as age increases the risk of developing MetS with age and ethnicity. In the United States, it appears that women of Mexican descent are more likely to develop MetS. Obesity carrying an extra amount of weight, especially in the abdomen, increases the risk of MetS. From this review, it stated that metabolic syndrome stands for the constellation of cardiovascular risk factors that raise the risk of cardiovascular arteriosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a major global public health issue with more than 300 million people projected in 2025.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease its etiology is unknown . The classical autoimmune diseases, have adaptive immune genetic associations with autoantibodies and major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class II such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus type two (DM II). Serum of99 males suffering from RA without DMII as group (G1), 45 males suffering from RA with DM II as group (G2) and 40 healthy males as group (G3) were enrolled in this study to estimation of alkaline phosphates (ALP),C-reactive protein(CRP) and Pentraxin-3(PTX). Results showed a highly significant increase in PTX3 levels in G1 and G2 compared to G3 and a significant decrease in G1comparing to G2. Results also revealed a si
... Show MoreDiabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a chronic and progressive condition, which affects people all around the world. The risk of complications increases with age if the disease is not managed properly. Diabetic neuropathy is caused by excessive blood glucose and lipid levels, resulting in nerve damage. Apelin is a peptide hormone that is found in different human organs, including the central nervous system and adipose tissue. The aim of this study is to estimate Apelin levels in diabetes type 2 and Diabetic peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) Iraqi patients and show the extent of peripheral nerve damage. The current study included 120 participants: 40 patients with Diabetes Mellitus, 40 patients with Diabetic peripheral Neuropathy, and 40 healthy
... Show MoreDiabetes mellitus can be defined as a metabolic disorder disease .Complication of diabetes are due to diabetic nephropathy .This study was done in vitro to study the effect of different concentrations of erlotinib inhibitor ( tyrosine kinase inhibitor) on electrolyte levels (MgâºÂ²,CaâºÂ²,Naâº) in sera of Iraqi patients with newly diagnosis type2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in addition to find the best percentage inhibition for utilizing different concentrations from erlotinib (6.97x10â»â·, 9.30x10â»â· ,1.16x10â»â¶,1.39x10â»â¶ ,1.62x10â»âµ )molar on electrolyte levels . This study was conducted in The National Diabetes Ce
... Show MoreDiabetes mellitus (DM) has been defined as a clinical syndrome that is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the liver .This study was conducted to assess the effect obesity and insulin resistance on liver enzymes in diabetic Iraqi patients.A comparative study of (90) Iraqi adults divided to three subgroup(30) obese ,(30) nonobese diabetic patients and(30)person had used as control. The analysis included Liver enzyme ALP,ALT,AST,GGT ,Fasting Plasma Glucose (FBG) , Lipid Profile , Hemoglobin A1C , insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were measured. Subjects
... Show MoreGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of gestation that is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance with first recognition during gestation. It develops when ?- cell of pancreas fail to compensate the diminished insulin sensitivity during gestation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between mother adiponectin level and ?- cell dysfunction with development gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other parameters in the last trimester of pregnancy. This study includes (80) subjects ( pregnant women) in the third trimester of pregnancy, (40) healthy pregnant individuals as control group aged between (17 - 42) years and (40) gestational diabetes mellitus patients with aged between (20 - 42) years. The f
... Show MoreAge, hypertension, and diabetes can cause significant alterations in arterial structure and function, including changes in lumen diameter (LD), intimal-medial thickness (IMT), flow velocities, and arterial compliance. These are also considered risk markers of atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular disease. A difference between right and left carotid artery blood flow and IMT has been reported by some researchers, and a difference in the incidence of nonlacunar stroke has been reported between the right and left brain hemispheres. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between the right and left common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries in patient