The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of glucose and sodium chloride on biofilm formation by bacteria causing wound infection. For this purpose, 1% and 2% concentration of each of glucose and sodium chloride were used to test the biofilm formation potential of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were the most common abundant bacteria that cause infection by biofilm. Each of the concentrations was kept in contact with the pathogenic bacteria for 24 hours. After the period of incubation, the concentration of 1% of glucose enhanced moderate biofilm formation capacity for (66% and 80%) on both bacteria respectively. The concentration of 2% glucose, on the other hand, led to a weak biofilm for 33% and 20% on both bacteria isolates respectively. In respect to the effect of sodium chloride, no isolate was able to form neither moderate nor strong biofilms. Nonetheless, all isolates succeeded in forming weak biofilms at 2% sodium chloride, while treatment with a concentration of 1% sodium chloride led to inhibited biofilm formation for 43% of isolates. Besides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were able to form moderate biofilms in the presence of 1% concentration of glucose, and weak producers in the presence of 2% glucose concentration. The isolates succeeded in forming strong biofilms at both 1% and 2% sodium chloride.
The latest events in Iraq and notably the fall of Mosul in the summer of 2014 have marked a turning point in The modern history of Iraq. Violent terrorist groups have overrun a vast area comprising of many towns in mid and northern Iraq causing many casualties and mass migration. Despite Iraq’s long history of pain and suffering the events of the second half of the year 2014 have been the most violent ever witnessed. From this point of view the researcher has tried to identify specifically in this time and place the effect these events have had on the Iraqi artist and to understand how the Iraqi artists depicted this violence in their works of art. The research comprises four parts; the first looked at the language used and the and pro
... Show MoreObjective(s): To assess the burden of mothers` care for child with colostomy and find out relationships between child and mother socio-demographic data with mothers` burden. Methodology: a descriptive study was conducted from 1 August 2013 to 1 September 2014. The sample consisted of 100 children and their mothers at Baghdad Teaching hospital in Baghdad city. A questionnaire was prepared based on the previous literature review, meeting mothers of children with colostomy, and the Zarit Burden Interview scale. Data has collected through the application of questionnaire and interview techniques. Results: T
In this article, the adsorption of Cu(ll) ion from aqueous solution into polyacrylic acid
(PAA) hydrogel bead has been investigated using a batch method of different
temperature (10-30 °C) and different contact time (1-48 hr) to reach the equilibrium of
adsorption. Initial concentration and adsorption capacity of the adsorbents is presented,
the time required to reach a maximum capacity of bead was about 24hr. The temperature
effect on adsorption was studied and the experimental data have been analyzed using the
Langmuir and freundlich isotherm models. The adEsorption capacity at equilibrium was
found to be 142.68 mg/g; more than 95% of studied cation was removed by the
adsorbent. The process is very efficient es
This study focuses on studying the effect of reinforced steel in detail, and steel reinforcement (tensile ratio, compression ratio, size, and joint angle shape) on the strength of reinforced concrete (compressive strength) Fc' and searching for the most accurate details of concrete divisions, their behavior, and corner resistance of reinforced concrete joint. The comparison of this paper with previous studies, especially in the studied properties. The conclusions of the chapter are summarized that these effects had a clear effect and a specific effect on the behavior and resistance of the reinforced concrete corner joints under the negative moments and under their influence and the resulting stress conditions. The types of defects that can
... Show MoreRwanga (view) movement is a new Kurdish poetry movement. Some poets and modern storywriters published a manifest in 1970. They have made a group of changes in the content and appearance of Kurdish poetry. They were under the influence of western literature schools such as Surrealism, Dadaism and Existentialism. Likewise, the impact of the new Arabic literature that appeared by the end of 1960s on them was obvious as they were imitating such literatures. Nevertheless, the condition of Kurdistan at that time was in need of a new literature to express that new stage. Sherko Bekas was one of those poets who became the dynamo of the poetic movement in which the rebellion spirit was embodied in the modern way of dealing with culture, rhyme, rh
... Show MoreIn this study, sulfur was removed from imitation oil using oxidative desulfurization process. Silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-11) was prepared using the hydrothermal method with a concentration of carbon nanotubes (CNT) of 0% and 7.5% at 190 °C crystallization temperature. The final molar composition of the as-prepared SAPO-11 was Al2O3: 0.93P2O5: 0.414SiO2. 4% MO/SAPO-11 was prepared using impregnation methods. The produced SAPO-11 was described using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms). It was found that the addition of CNT increased the crystallinity of SAPO-11. The results showed that the surface area of SAPO-11 containing 7.5% CNT was 179.54 m2/g, and the pore volume was 0.31
... Show MorePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorder. To determine the metabolic disorders in women with PCOS, (25) women with PCOS ages (15 - 47) years have been investigated and compared with (20) healthy individuals. All the studied groups were carried out to measure fasting blood sugar, (anti-GAD Ab, anti ?-islet cell Ab by IFAT) and measured insulin level by ELISA. There was significant elevation in the concentration of fasting blood sugar than in control groups (p ? 0.05) and there was negative results for anti-GAD Ab and anti ?-islet cell Ab by IFAT test for serum of women with PCOS, while there was significant differences in the insulin level for women with PCOS compared with control groups (p ? 0.05), these
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