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Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Ceftriaxone in Pure Form and Pharmaceuticals

Ceftriaxone sodium were one of the widely antibacterial drugs used. Azo dye derivatization of diazonium salt that formed via the reaction between ceftriaxone with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite was developed for the on-research drug analysis then coupling with each one 2,5-dimethylphenol (2,5-DMP) and 4-tertbutylphenol (4-TBP) respectively in the alkaline media. The developed diazonium coupling methods include an optimization study. The results show a limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.482, 0.284 µg/mL, and 1.607, 0.945 µg/mL using 2,5-DMP and 4-TBP reagents respectively. Moreover, the recovery % obtained was 100.89%, and 103.37% at linear concentration range 3.0 – 50, and 10 – 30 µg/mL, with molar absorptivity of 4.377×103, 7.446×103 L. mol-1. cm-1 using 2,5-DMP and 4-TBP reagents respectively. An acceptable accuracy represented by the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was achieved of a 0.46 and 0.37 for 2,5-DMP and 4-TBP respectively. The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of ceftriaxone sodium in pure and in pharmaceuticals. 

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Services system in Architectural form developments

Architecture forms theoretical summaries and multi systems that have the essence of change, and that what distinguishes Architecture from other sciences and their systems. Architecture means way of life via its expressional products and that appears through its systems. These systems are based on formative and technological properties in form, structure, services and materials as well as
their moral forms. All these are associated with techniques and facilities in order to establish integrated system.
Architectural creation does not come from void but it depends on a conception base to create a new condition for creative architectural product. The general problem of the research concentrated on limited theoretical and practica

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 22 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation and Characterization of Itraconazole as Nanosuspension Dosage Form for Enhancement of Solubility

Abstract

            Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal given orally for the treatment of oropharyngeal and vulvovaginal candidiasis, for systemic infections including aspergillosis, candidiasis,  and for the prophylaxis of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.

           The study aimed to formulate a practical water-insoluble Itraconazole, with insufficient bioavailability as nanosuspension to increase aqueous solubility and improve its dissolution and oral bioavailability.

          Itraconazole nanosuspension was produced by a

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 03 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of glibenclamide in pharmaceutical formulations

A sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of glibenclamide in its tablet formulations has been proposed. The method is based on the dissolving of glibenclamide in absolute ethanol and measuring the native fluorescence at 354 nm after excitation at 302 nm. Beers law is obeyed in the concentration of 1.4 to 10 µg.ml-1 of glibenclamide with a limit of detection (LD) of 0.067 µg.ml-1 and a standard deviation of 0.614. The range percent recoveries (N=3) is 94 - 103.

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 31 2022
Journal Name
Association Of Arab Universities Journal Of Engineering Sciences
Geological Modeling and Resource Estimation for Mishrif Formation in Nasiriyah Oilfield

Resource estimation is an essential part of reservoir evaluation and development planning which highly affects the decision-making process. The available conventional logs for 30 wells in Nasiriyah oilfield were used in this study to model the petrophysical properties of the reservoir and produce a 3D static geological reservoir model that mimics petrophysical properties distribution to estimate the stock tank oil originally in place (STOOIP) for Mishrif reservoir by volumetric method. Computer processed porosity and water saturation and a structural 2D map were utilized to construct the model which was discretized by 537840 grid blocks. These properties were distributed in 3D Space using sequential Gaussian simulation and the variation in

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Some Estimation methods for the two models SPSEM and SPSAR for spatially dependent data

ABSTRUCT

In This Paper, some semi- parametric spatial models were estimated, these models are, the semi – parametric spatial error model (SPSEM), which suffer from the problem of spatial errors dependence, and the semi – parametric spatial auto regressive model (SPSAR). Where the method of maximum likelihood was used in estimating the parameter of spatial error          ( λ ) in the model (SPSEM), estimated  the parameter of spatial dependence ( ρ ) in the model ( SPSAR ), and using the non-parametric method in estimating the smoothing function m(x) for these two models, these non-parametric methods are; the local linear estimator (LLE) which require finding the smoo

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Reliability Estimation for the Exponential-Pareto Hybrid System

     The reliability of hybrid systems is important in modern technology, specifically in engineering and industrial fields; it is an indicator of the machine's efficiency and ability to operate without interruption for an extended period of time. It also allows for the evaluation of machines and equipment for planning and future development. This study looked at reliability of hybrid (parallel series) systems with asymmetric components using exponential and Pareto distributions. Several simulation experiments were performed to estimate the reliability function of these systems using the Maximum Likelihood method  and the Standard Bayes method  with a quadratic loss (QL) function and two priors: non-informative (Jeffery) and inform

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 02 2018
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
The Relationship Between Spatial Ability And The Physical Structure of concepts to The Students of The College of Education for Pure

          The research aims to identify the relationship between spatial ability  and the physical structure of concepts to the students of the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn al-Haitham، research involved students from the third class / morning study for the year 2011/2012  totaling (98) male and female students ،distributed into three groups which were selected randomly . The number of students (26 males and females)  represented research sample after excluding repeaters and absentees، the research included two tests ; one test of spatial ability، which included (20) items and other test the physical structure of concepts، which included (12) items distributed into four domains ، the first (linking b

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 03 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Architecture And Planning
Publication Date
Tue Apr 24 2018
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Use of Acidic Hydrolysis and Diazo Coupling Reaction for Spectrophotometric Determination of Furosemide in Urine and Pharmaceutical Formulation.

     Simple and rapid spectrophotometric determination of furosemide (FUR) has been investigated .The method is based on acid hydrolysis of FUR to free primary aromatic amine and diazotization followed by coupling with 3, 5 di methyl phenol (3, 5-DMPH) at basic medium. The absorbance was measured at 434 nm, the method was optimized for best condition, and beers’ law is obeyed over the range of 0.4-50 µg.mL-1 with molar absorptivity and sandal’s sensitivity 1.3899 x104 L moL-1 .cm-1 and 0.0238x104 µg.cm-2 respectively. Analysis of solution containing nineteen different concentrations of FUR gave a correlation coefficient of (0.9999) a

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2024
Journal Name
Malaysian Journal Of Science
SIMPLEX OPTIMIZATION FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF AZITHROMYCIN DRUG VIA ION-PAIR FORMATION

A spectrophotometric determination of azithromycin was optimized using the simplex model. The approach has been proven to be accurate and sensitive. The analyte has been reacted with bromothymol blue (BTB) to form a colored ion pair which has been extracted in chloroform in a buffer medium of pH=4 of potassium phthalate. The extracted colored product was assayed at 415 nm and exhibited a linear quantification range over (1 - 20) g/ml. The excipients did not exhibit any interferences with the proposed approach for assaying azithromycin in pharmaceutical formulations.

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