This study aims to suggest a technique for soil properties improvement of AL- Kadhimin shrine Minaret and to support the foundation, which has a tilt of roughly 80 cm from the vertical axis. The shrine of the AL- Kadhimin is made up of four minarets with two domes set in a large courtyard. The four minarets have skewed to varying degrees due to uncontrolled dewatering inside the shrine in recent years. However, the northeast minaret was the most inclined due to its proximity to the well placed inside shrine courtyard. When the well near the minaret is operated, the water level drops, increasing the effective stresses of the soil and causing differential settling of the minaret foundation. To maintain the minaret's foundation from potenti

In This paper, CuO thin films having different thickness (250, 300 , 350 and 400) nm were deposited on glass substrates by thermal vacuum evaporator. The thermal oxidation of this evaporated film was done in heated glass at temperature (300 in air at one hour. The study of X-ray diffraction investigated all the exhibit polycrystalline nature with monoclinic crystal structure include uniformly grains. Thin film’s internal structure topographical and optical properties. Furthermore, the crystallization directions of CuO (35.54 , 38.70 ) can be clearly observed through an X-ray diffraction analysis XRD, Atomic Force Microscope AFM (topographic image) showed that the surface Characteristics , thin films crystals grew with increases in either

   In this work, thin films of undoped and Al-doped CdO with (0.5, 1 and 2) wt.%  were prepared by using thermal vacuum evaporation on glass substrate at room  temperature. The optical absorption coefficient (α) of the films was determined from transmittance spectra in the range of wavelength (400-1100) nm. The spectral transmission and the optical energy band gap decrease from 75% and 2.24 eV to 20%  and 2.1 eV respectively depending upon the Al content in the films, also our studies include the calculation of  the optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary part of dielectric constant) as a function of photon energy.  It is evaluated that the optical band gap of

In the present study, nanoporous material type MCM-41 was prepared by the sol-gel technique and was used as a carrier for prednisolone (PRD) drug delivery. The structural properties of mesoporous were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption /desorption and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The mass transfer in term of adsorption process (loading) and desorption process (releasing) properties were investigated. The maximum drug loading efficiency was equal to 38% and 47.5% at different concentrations. The PRD released was prudently studied in water media of pH 6.8 simulated body fluid (SBF) in according to "United State Pharmacopeia (USP38)". The results proved that the release of prednisolone from MCM-41

The aim of this paper was to investigate the removal efficiencies of Zn⁺² ions from wastewater by adsorption (using tobacco leaves) and forward osmosis (using cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane). Various experimental parameters were investigated in adsorption experiment such as: effect of pH (3 - 7), contact time (0  - 220) min, solute concentration (10 - 100) mg/l, and adsorbent dose (0.2 - 5)g. Whereas for forward osmosis the operating parameters studied were: draw solution concentration (10 - 150) g/l, pH of feed solution (4 - 7), feed solution concentration (10 - 100) mg/l. The result showed that the removal efficiency by using adsorption was 70% and the removal efficiency by using forward osmosis was 96.2 %. 

This research prepared polymer blend contains from epoxy resin (Ep) and polyurethane
)Pu) as a matrix material of percentage (90 %) from epoxy and ) 10 (% polyurethane and
reinforced by PVC fibers and aluminum fibers two dimension knitted mat with fractional
volume(15 %), and study impact strength before and after reinforcing at temperatures of
(20,40,60(
o
CØŒand the results have shown that the reinforcing matrix materials by fibers
increased impact strength values that rise from(3.387kJ/m2) to (151.62kJ/m2) of composite
material (Ep+Pu+PVC(and thus ) Ep+Pu+PVC+Al.F) at last (Ep+Pu+Al.F (. following
composite material so that temperatures increase led to rise impact strength values except the
polymer

In this research ,Undoped Nio and 1%Li doped Nio thin films were deposited utilizing chemical spray pyrolysis on the glass substrates heated (450C). The effects of non-thermal plasma on the structural and optical properties were studied. XRD measurement shows that Nio and Nio:1%Li films were found to be polycrystalline and have cubic structure with a preferred orientation (111). Decreased crystal size after exposure especially at (7) sec. AFM data indicate that the surface roughness average and (RMS) values of the prepared doped films are increasing after exposure to plasma, the transmittance increases after doped samples exposure to plasma, it was found that the energy gap value decreased when doped samples exposure to plasma, also, thickn