Osteoporosis is related to the loss of bone mass that occurs as part of the natural process of aging and in menopausal women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of interleukin-35 in menopausal women with osteoporosis, that may be used as an early predicted marker of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity in osteoporosis patients in relation with other diagnostic parameters. Fasting blood samples were obtained from forty Iraqi menopausal women with mean age of (61.06±6.59)years who were newly diagnosed of osteoporosis by physicians at Baghdad Teaching Hospital as patients group(G1). In addition to , twenty two healthy women were included in the study as a control group(G2) with mean age(60.75±6.35). Serum samples were used for determination of Rheumatoid Factor (RF), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Calcium(Ca+2), Phosphate(PO4-3) and Interleukin-35(IL-35),while blood sample was used for determination of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). The results revealed a highly significant increase in IL-35 level in patients group(G1) compared to the control group(G2) while there are no significant differences in ALP, Ca+2 and PO4-3 levels between G1 and G2. The correlation between serum levels of IL-35 and ALP ,Ca+2 and PO4-3 in menopausal osteoporosis patients was calculated; A significant positive correlation between IL-35 and ALP was found (r=0.277,P<0.05), while there was no significant correlation between IL-35 and each of Ca+2 and PO4-3 levels (r=0.191,P>0.05),(r=0.124,P>0.05) respectively. The conclusion obtained from this study that IL-35 may be used as an additional biomarker in predicting osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Abstract
This research’s goal is to restore and to revive the jurisprudence of Mother of Believers (Um alMuaamineen) “Um Salmah” "may God bless her", and to highlight her outstanding assimilation and understanding of religion and her conscious thought. The current research is a comparative scientific theoretical study represented in the comparison of jurisprudence of “Um Salamah” with Hadiths of fasting and pilgrimage rules as well as the duration mentioned in jurisprudence of for doctrines( 4 schools of thought )to identify these hadiths with the inclusion and discussion of their evidence.
The current research included two topics: the first one is to identify and introduce
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