The aim of this study was to increasing natural carotenoides production by a locally isolate Rodotorula mucilagenosa M. by determination of the optimal conditions for growth and production of this agents, for encouragest to use it in food application permute artificial pigments which harmfull for consumer health and envieronmental. The optimal condition of carotenoides production from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa M were studied. The results shows the best carbon and nitrogen source were glucose and yeast extract. The carotenoids a mount production was 47430 microgram ̸ litter and 47460 microgram ̸ litter, respectively, and the optimum temperature was 30°C, PH 6, that the carotenoides a mount was 47470 microgram ̸ litter and 47670 microgr

     Geochemical proxies provide detailed information on depositional environment and diagenetic processes. The main objectives of the present study are the evaluation of the paleoenvironment and diagenetic conditions of selected three sections of the Shiranish Formation (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian) in Dokan-Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, northeast of Iraq. The major and some trace elements were analysed by X-Ray Fluoresces. These geochemical results showed a positive correlation of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO and TiO₂ between each other due to the influence of detrital influx from the active oceanic margins and thrust belts of the northeast Arabian Plate. The terrigeno

Co(II) ion was determined by a new, accurate, sensitive and rapid method via a
continuous flow injection analysis (CFIA) with a chemiluminescence reaction based on
the oxidation of Luminol which is loaded on poly acrylic acid gel beads by hydrogen
peroxide in presence of Cobalt (II) ion as a chemiluminescence catalyst. Chemical and
physical parameters were investigated to obtain the best conditions. Linear dynamic
range of Cobalt (II) ion was from 0.1-20.0 μg.ml-1 with a correlation coefficient r =
0.9758, limit of detection (L.O.D) 0.2 ng/sample from the step wise dilution of lowest
concentration in the calibration graph with the percentage relative standard deviation for
3 μg.ml-1 Co(ll) solution is 0.8537% (n

In the current research, we investigated the absorption spectrum for R590 and C480 dyes in ethanol solvent for different dye solution concentrations of 10-4, 10-5 and 10-6M. These dyes have been prepared and studied before and after gamma irradiation (first, second ionization) using cesium-137 source with absorbed doses of 18.36 Gy (time exposure of 10 days) and 73.44 Gy (with time exposure of 40 days). We noticed that the absorption intensity was decreased with decreasing concentration, before gamma irradiation while the absorption spectrum peak shifted towards the short wavelength (blue shift). It was also found that the intensity of absorption spectrum increased and shifted the absorption spectrum peak towards the long wavelength (red

Solutions of dyes Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and Coumarin480(C480) were prepared at five concentrations (1x10-3, 5x10-4, 1x10-4, 5x10-5 and1x10-5) mol/l, the mixing was stirred to obtain on a homogenous solution, the(poly methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) was solved by chloroform solvent with certain ratio, afterward (PMMA+Rh6G) and (PMMA+C480) thin films were prepared by casting method on glass block which has substrate with dimensions (7.5 x2.5)cm2, the prepared samples were left in dark place at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain uniform and homogenous thin films. UV-VIS absorption spectra, transmission spectra and fluorescence spectra were done to measure linear refractive index and linear absorption coefficient. The nonlinear optical proper

A detailed study of adsorption from solution of amitriptyline-HCl, chlorpromazine-HCl and
chlordiazepoxide-HCl on bentonite clay surface has been performed at variable conditions of
temperature, pH and ionic strength. It is aimed in this work to explore the capability of this clay in
treatment of poisoning by the mentioned drugs if taken in quantities higher than the usual doses.
Quantities of drugs adsorbed have been determined by UV spectrophotometric technique. The
sequence of adsorption in neutral media at 37.5 CÙ’ followed the order:
Amitriptyline-HCl > chlorpromazine-HCl > chlordiazepoxide-HCl.
The results were discussed in the light of Langmuir and Freundich adsorption isotherms. The usual
basic th

      This paper presents an alternative method for developing effective embedded optimized Runge-Kutta (RK) algorithms to solve oscillatory problems numerically.   The embedded scheme approach has algebraic orders of 5 and 4. By transforming second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) into their first-order counterpart, the suggested approach solves first-order ODEs. The amplification error, phase-lag, and first derivative of the phase-lag are all nil in the embedded pair. The alternative method’s absolute stability is demonstrated. The numerical tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach in comparison to other RK approaches. The alternative approach outperforms the current RK methods

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized using different chemical routes to obtain different sizes and shapes of nanoparticles by colloid chemistry with using stabilizing and reducing agent, which make them interesting for variety of physical applications. The morphology and structure of the synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-VIS spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Zeta potential to demonstrate that different sizes and shapes can by synthesized by different reductants in the presence of various stabilizing agents.

   The present study investigates the main parameters effect on the solenoid design as converging lens of charged particle beam passing through it. These parameters are solenoid magnetic field (B), solenoid radius (Ro) and the solenoid total length (L). The result indicates that the solenoid system is very sensitive to the change of these parameters. The solenoid acts as converge lens but may convert to diverging lens at some conditions. The best design obtained at (L=1100 mm, B=5000 gauss and Ro=150 mm).      
 

A new spectrophotometric method for individual and simultaneous determination of cefixime and cephalexin depending on the first and second derivative mode techniques. The first and second derivative spectra of these compounds permitted individual and simultaneous determination of cefixime and cephalexin in concentration interval of (4– 24μg.ml-1 ) by measuring the amplitude of peak-to-base line, pea to peak at certain wavelengths and the area under peak at selected spectrum intervals. The methods showed reasonable precision and accuracy and have been applied to determine cefixime and cephalexin in two different pharmaceutical preparations.