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Public budget System repair Targets Prepared Public Budget
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Require senior management of the state when developing the strategy the general budget to the clarity of the reasons that are based upon the ministries in the preparation of estimates of expenditure for the next year to justify the spending, and in the absence of targets, the ministry or government unit would not be in front, but be guided by the size of expenditure for the last year in addition to the percentage of represented an increase of appropriations required for the next year in light of the fiscal policy of the state, so the requested increase in appropriations to meet the desired increase in some of its activities and to meet the increase in salaries and prices. So must be available to the Ministry of criteria that could be relied upon to determine the estimated increase in spending as a result of the projected increase in some activities.

It is clear from this that the budget is the outcome of the economic studies of past and under which approval of long-term plan in the light of national objectives needs to be done by the ministries and mean that the budget estimates are derived from data flow from the higher managerial levels and in contrast to the traditional method where the starting estimate budget levels administrative world, then ascend to the levels of the Supreme Administrative Moreover, the programming goals made the programs a central part of the assessment and trade-offs and decision-making regardless of the management levels that are interested in the implementation of the program has been created this way the opportunity to connect the inputs (costs) and outputs (achievements or benefits) for each the program.

Supports the proposed model for this system in achieving the goals of government programs to link the state and assess their contribution to the level of macroeconomic and social components of a number of basic requirements which are marginal to the success of this system. And summed up the basic components of this system as follows:

  1. Formulation of goals and sub-quantitatively and qualitatively and temporally.
    2. Responsibilities for planning and Implementation and taking control.
    3. Develop standard benchmarks to achieve goals.
  2. Calendar periodic performance.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Copper nanoparticles prepared by pulsed exploding wire
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In this work copper nanopowder was created at different liquid
medias like DDDW, ethylene glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP). Copper nanopowder prepared using explosion wire process
and investigated the effects of the exploding energy, wire diameter,
the type of liquid on the particle size, and the particles size
distribution. The nanoparticles are characterized by x-ray diffraction,
UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM). The x-ray diffraction results reveal that the
nanoparticles continue to routine lattice periodicity at reduced
particle size. The UV-Visible absorption spectrum of liquid solution
for copper nanoparticles shows sharp and single surface Plasmon
r

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study of alumina prepared from Iraqi kaolin
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The current research was conducted to report the synthesis of alumina powder from Iraqi kaolin. The kaolin was transformed to metakaolin by calcinations at temperature 800 °C for three hours. Then the calcined kaolin was treated with (1.5 M) from H2SO4 for 6 hours to form Al2(SO4)3.12H2O solution. The precipitate was dried at 80oC for 10 hours and calcinations at different temperatures for two hours. The samples which result was characterized by X–Ray diffraction (XRD) and X–Ray fluorescence (XRF). The results indicate to the crystalline hydrate aluminum sulfate for the sample that be as – synthesis and when calcinations at 600 oC transformed into aluminum sulfate phase. The phases of alumina which we obtain consisted of a gamma a

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of various endodontic irrigants on the sealing ability of Biodentine and other root perforation repair materials (In vitro study)
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Background: This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various endodontic irrigants (sodium hypochlorite, ethylene diaminetetracetic acid and normal saline) on sealing ability of (Biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate, and amalgam) used to repair furcal perforations. Material and methods: One hundred and twenty extracted human molars with divergent roots were used in this study. A standard root canal access cavity was prepared in each tooth and furcal perforation was made and was standardized by using k file size 100 instrument to get a perforation of (1.32mm) in diameter .The teeth were randomly divided in to three groups of 40 teeth according to the type of material used to repair the perforations (Group A: The furcal

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 03 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effectiveness of a Training Program for Children with Autism and their Mothers Based on the Picture Exchange Commination System to Confront Some of Basic Disorders for these Children
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Abstract

The current research aims to examine the effectiveness of a training program for children with autism and their mothers based on the Picture Exchange Communication System to confront some basic disorders in a sample of children with autism. The study sample was (16) children with autism and their mothers in the different centers in Taif city and Tabuk city. The researcher used the quasi-experimental approach, in which two groups were employed: an experimental group and a control group. Children aged ranged from (6-9) years old. In addition, it was used the following tools: a list of estimation of basic disorders for a child with autism between (6-9) years, and a training program for children with autism

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Improving the Durability of Streak and Thermal Insulation of Petroleum Pipes by Using Polymeric Based Paint System: Polymer Matrix Composites have several and wide applications
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This research deals with increasing the hardening and insulating the petroleum pipes against the conditions and erosion of different environments. So, basic material of epoxy has been mixed with Ceramic Nano Zirconia reinforcement material 35 nm with the percentages  (0,1,2,3,4,5) %, whereas the paint basis of broken petroleum pipes was used  to paint on it, then it was cut into dimensions (2 cm. × 2 cm.) and 0.3cm high. After the paint and percentages are completed, the samples were immersed into the paint. Then, the micro-hardness was checked according to Vickers method and thermal inspection of paint, which contained (Thermal conduction, thermal flux and Thermal diffusivity), the density of the painted samples was calculate

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 15 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
نحو نظام نحو نظام لغوي عربي متوازن في المساواة بين الرجل والمرأة
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We must live in an era dominated by the call for equality between men and women, in which the voices of advocates of gender integration were heard. After women opened their doors to compete with their brother, Knowledge, and culture in the various forms of life, language as a science of the time and knowledge of the other had to match this reality and express the most accurate expression of this task

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Content Analysis of Social Studies Book at the Secondary School in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Curricula System- Joint Program) in the Light of the Cultural Intelligence Dimensions
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The study aimed at recognizing the availability of the cultural intelligence dimensions in social studies book at the high school in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (curricula system- joint program). The study used the descriptive approach and content analysis method. As tools of the study, the study adopted a list of cultural list of indicators and dimensions that suits the secondary stage social curricula. It further adopted a content analysis form designed to analyze the social studies book in the secondary school in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study has reached several results, the most significant results were: There is a difference in including the cultural intelligence dimensions in social studies book at high school in the kingd

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Nanocrystalline -Silicon Carbide Films Prepared by TEACO2 Laser
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Thin films of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline -silicon carbide and silicon, where deposited on glass substrate with substrate temperature ranging from 350-400C, with deposition rate 0.5nm per pulse, by laser induced chemical vapor deposition. The deposition induced by TEACO2 laser. The reactant gases (SiH4 and C2H4) photo decompose throughout collision associated multiple photon dissociate. Such inhomogeneous film structure containing crystalline silicon, silicon carbide and amorphous silicon carbide matrix, give rise to a new type of material nanocrystalline silicon carbide in which the optical transmittance is governed by amorphous SiC phase while nanocrystalline grain are responsible for the conduction processes. This new m

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluation of health and safety management systemAccording to international standards OHSAS 18001: 2007A case study at Al-Mamoun Factory / General Company for vegetable oil industry
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This research aims to knowledge of the scope of applying the international specification of which is regarded to occupational health and safety management system (OHSAS 18001) second edition for year 2007 by The AL-Mammon Factory / The General Company For Vegetable Oils Industry in order to diagnosis the gap between specification requirements and reality by using the checklist made based upon the items of the specification, after translating the English copy into Arabic. The results of the research and analysis that occupational health and safety management system in comparison to the specification requirements in all of its main items, which was (%22.26) applied and documented partly, this refer to the existence of great gap (%7

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Performance evaluation of policies and programs accordance with guide prepared by a dutch court of audit and the board of supreme audit (case study in wasit state company for textile industries)
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Abstract\

preparation process of performance evaluation in organizations is of extreme importance, and under development in organizations and the opening of markets and technological developments in the industry and heightened competition among industrial organizations imposed systems are built for performance give a clear picture about performance and competition,  And centered research problem in answering the following questions: Is performance evaluation system is available in Wasit State Company for Textile Industries(Research sample ), This research aims to assess the performance of policies and programs in the company, according to guide performance evaluation of programs and policies prepared by the Dutch Cou

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