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Public budget System repair Targets Prepared Public Budget
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Require senior management of the state when developing the strategy the general budget to the clarity of the reasons that are based upon the ministries in the preparation of estimates of expenditure for the next year to justify the spending, and in the absence of targets, the ministry or government unit would not be in front, but be guided by the size of expenditure for the last year in addition to the percentage of represented an increase of appropriations required for the next year in light of the fiscal policy of the state, so the requested increase in appropriations to meet the desired increase in some of its activities and to meet the increase in salaries and prices. So must be available to the Ministry of criteria that could be relied upon to determine the estimated increase in spending as a result of the projected increase in some activities.

It is clear from this that the budget is the outcome of the economic studies of past and under which approval of long-term plan in the light of national objectives needs to be done by the ministries and mean that the budget estimates are derived from data flow from the higher managerial levels and in contrast to the traditional method where the starting estimate budget levels administrative world, then ascend to the levels of the Supreme Administrative Moreover, the programming goals made the programs a central part of the assessment and trade-offs and decision-making regardless of the management levels that are interested in the implementation of the program has been created this way the opportunity to connect the inputs (costs) and outputs (achievements or benefits) for each the program.

Supports the proposed model for this system in achieving the goals of government programs to link the state and assess their contribution to the level of macroeconomic and social components of a number of basic requirements which are marginal to the success of this system. And summed up the basic components of this system as follows:

  1. Formulation of goals and sub-quantitatively and qualitatively and temporally.
    2. Responsibilities for planning and Implementation and taking control.
    3. Develop standard benchmarks to achieve goals.
  2. Calendar periodic performance.

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Estimate the Parallel System Reliability in Stress-Strength Model Based on Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution
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Abstract<p>In this paper, we employ the maximum likelihood estimator in addition to the shrinkage estimation procedure to estimate the system reliability (<italic>R<sub>k</sub> </italic>) contain <italic>K<sup>th</sup> </italic> parallel components in the stress-strength model, when the stress and strength are independent and non-identically random variables and they follow two parameters Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution (EIWD). Comparisons among the proposed estimators were presented depend on simulation established on mean squared error (MSE) criteria.</p>
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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Applied Energy
Melting enhancement in triplex-tube latent heat energy storage system using nanoparticles-metal foam combination
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Publication Date
Mon Oct 12 2020
Journal Name
Molecules
Phase Change Process in a Zigzag Plate Latent Heat Storage System during Melting and Solidification
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Applying a well-performing heat exchanger is an efficient way to fortify the relatively low thermal response of phase-change materials (PCMs), which have broad application prospects in the fields of thermal management and energy storage. In this study, an improved PCM melting and solidification in corrugated (zigzag) plate heat exchanger are numerically examined compared with smooth (flat) plate heat exchanger in both horizontal and vertical positions. The effects of the channel width (0.5 W, W, and 2 W) and the airflow temperature (318 K, 323 K, and 328 K) are exclusively studied and reported. The results reveal the much better performance of the horizontal corrugated configuration compared with the smooth channel during both melti

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Energy Conversion And Management
Improved PCM melting in a thermal energy storage system of double-pipe helical-coil tube
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Publication Date
Sat Feb 25 2017
Journal Name
International Journal On Advanced Science, Engineering And Information Technology
A Novel DNA Sequence Approach for Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Cryptography Encoding Method
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A novel method for Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) has been proposed, based on the concept of how DNA sequence detects disease as both domains have similar conceptual method of detection. Three important steps have been proposed to apply DNA sequence for NIDS: convert the network traffic data into a form of DNA sequence using Cryptography encoding method; discover patterns of Short Tandem Repeats (STR) sequence for each network traffic attack using Teiresias algorithm; and conduct classification process depends upon STR sequence based on Horspool algorithm. 10% KDD Cup 1999 data set is used for training phase. Correct KDD Cup 1999 data set is used for testing phase to evaluate the proposed method. The current experiment results sh

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Impact of High Voltage Direct Current Link on Transmission Line in Kurdistan Power System
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Kurdistan power system is expanded along years ago. The electrical power is transmitted through long transmission lines. The main problem of transmission lines is active and reactive power losses. It is important to solve this issue, unless, the most of electrical energy will lost over transmission system. In this study, High Voltage Direct Current links/bipolar connection were connected in a power system to reduce the power losses. The 132kV, 50 Hz, 36 buses Kurdistan power system is used as a study case. The load flow analysis was implemented by using ETAP.16 program in which Newton-Raphson method for three cases. The results show that the losses are reduced after inserted HVDC links.

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 16 2021
Journal Name
Energies
Performance Analysis of a Solar Cooling System with Equal and Unequal Adsorption/Desorption Operating Time
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In solar-thermal adsorption/desorption processes, it is not always possible to preserve equal operating times for the adsorption/desorption modes due to the fluctuating supply nature of the source which largely affects the system’s operating conditions. This paper seeks to examine the impact of adopting unequal adsorption/desorption times on the entire cooling performance of solar adsorption systems. A cooling system with silica gel–water as adsorbent-adsorbate pair has been built and tested under the climatic condition of Iraq. A mathematical model has been established to predict the system performance, and the results are successfully validated via the experimental findings. The results show that, the system can be operational

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 25 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
The role of green taxes in the reduction of environmental pollution- exploratory search- in the GCT.: The role of green taxes in the reduction of environmental pollution- exploratory search- in the GCT.
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The research aims to identify the concept of green taxes and their role in reducing environmental pollution through the poll of Abnh of taxpayers and employees of the General Authority for taxes totaling 200 individual .autam adoption of the resolution as a tool head for the collection of data and information from the sample and analyzed their responses using a statistical program (spss - 10), and calculating the percentages and the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and research found to a number of conclusions, notably the lack of legislation with the challenges and the difficulty of the existence of a measure or a standard lack of planning for the application of environmental taxes that the state taxation application between the Gene

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Strategic planning of taxes, and its effect in the investment: Applied research in Taxes General Board
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The current research seek to known the strategic planning for the taxes and its important , and its effect upon the investment , and this research was be in the general board of taxes, and the economical directorate of the ministry of finance , therefore this research started from the problem below: 

  • What level of the important and type of the research changeable of the research ( the strategic planning for the taxes and investment) in the research organization ?
  • Is there any relation of the join and effect of the changeable of the research (the strategic planning for the taxes and investment)in the research organization ?

Therefore this research depended a hypotheti

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
الادارة الالكترونية في شركات التأمين: إنموذج مقترح في شركة التأمين العراقية العامة
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In recent decades, the world has faced some rapid technical developments, affected on many fields of life, which had the best chance in the information and communication technology, such that it created an entirely new situation, summed up the life and development of business enterprises. This is while these developments have changed a lot the reputation of management institutions and civil society organizations in return. In addition, they have linked the citizen and those institutions in their different specialties within a distinct electronic format called e-management in the contemporary literature.

    This study attempted to highlight the importance of investment in building e-management by linking citiz

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