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The use of water resources internationally and their implications for the water issue globally
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The rivers are the main source of fresh water for many countries and the great development which is considered as one of the sustainable development elements in its various agricultural, industrial, domestic and environmental fields .The countries of the world seek food security and water security in order to ensure the basic needs of citizens .Because their distribution is uneven in many regions of the world with different human needs, which leads to conflicts over water sources, especially those located in one international river basin .This has led to the emergence of internationallegal rules governing the management of The problem revolves around the dialectic between limited water resources and increased need for water use based on increased water consumption, ie, the need for drinking water, the need for expansion in the economic sectors, and the attendant increase in consumption and consumption .Water in industry, agriculture and other economic activities in light of the lack of guidance in water use and the lack of strategic planning for many countries in this world on the demand side either supply side there is an increasing demand for countries to increase their quotas And the lack of strategic planning, especially in the Arab region .All indications indicate that the future of water is very dangerous, so that everyone agrees that the conflict on water is the characteristic that will characterize the next decade, so it is represented by the administration It is not the right of any coastal country to invest inshared water resources in away that harms other countries and to enhance confidence and cooperation through the establishment of joint committees that are concerned with the management and management of international water Common.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Thermal Osmosis of Mixtures of Water and Organic Compounds through Different Membranes
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The present work aimed to study the efficiency of thermal osmosis process for recovery of water from organic wastewater solution and study the factors affecting the performance of the osmosis cell. The driving force in the thermo osmosis cell is provided by a difference in temperature across the membrane sides between the draw and feed solution. In this research used a cellulose triacetate (CTA), as flat sheet membranes for treatment of organic wastewater under orientation membrane of active layer facing feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) is placed against the support layer.  The organic materials were phenol, toluene, xylene and BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) used as feed solution. The osmotic agent in draw solution was

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Effect of Kaolinite on the Mechanical Properties, Thermal Properties, Flammability and Water Absorption Percentage of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Composite
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PVC/Kaolinite composites were prepared by the melt intercalation method. Mechanical properties, thermal properties, flammability and water absorption percentage of prepared samples were tested. Mechanical characteristic such as tensile strength, elongation at break; hardness and impact strength (charpy type) were measured for all samples. It was found that the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC composites decreased with increasing kaolinite loading. Also, the hardness of the composites increases with increase in filler content .The impact strength of the composites at the beginning increases at lower kaolinite loadings is due to the lack of kaolin adhesion to the matrix. However, at higher kaolin loadings. This severe agglom

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 26 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Assessment of pollution with some heavy metals in water, sediments and Barbus xanthopterus fish of the Tigris River–Iraq
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In this study, four sampling stations were selected on the Tigris River (Baghdad region) in order to determine concentrations, seasonal variation and pollution intensity assessment of heavy metals (Cd, Zn and Mn) in water, sediments and Barbus xanthpterus fish in this river. The study results showed that the mean concentration of dissolved heavy metals (cadmium, zinc and manganese) were 0.004 ppm, 0.023 ppm and 0.007 ppm, respectively. Whereas, their concentrations in sediments were 1.38 ppm, 86 ppm and 231.4 ppm respectively. Irregular seasonal variation for concentrations of these metals in both sediments and water. The mean concentration of these metals in tissues of fish muscles were 0.0043 ppm, 0.0023 ppm and 0.03 ppm for cadmium, z

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Graphene Oxide: A Key Solution for Future: Recent Achievements as A New Adsorbent for Water Treatment Applications: Review
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     Polluted water has been considered a critical issue nowadays, threatening the environment and lives of living creatures. Because of technological and industrial advancements, as well as increased social activities of humans in various countries, pollution sources have multiplied. To reduce the impact of this problem, many techniques have been developed in order to reach zero discharge pollution. In the last decade, graphene oxide (GO) - a member of the graphene nanomaterials family, has been the focus of many research efforts in the water treatment sector because of its extraordinary properties. This review highlights the research efforts conducted to investigate GO as a novel adsorbent for water treatment applications and recen

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Publication Date
Wed May 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Evaluation the individual's share of urban land use for the holy city of Karbala
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The research aims to analyze and evaluate the urban land use according to the needs of the current and future population by adopting the planning criteria for the holy city of Karbala. In the theoretical side, we discussed the most important concepts of urban land use planning. In the practical aspect of the study, field surveys were conducted to obtain the required information. Using the GIS program, the land uses were planned and executed, Analysis By comparing the per capita use of urban land with criteria and the production of maps.

The main findings of the study are that there is a large deficit in meeting some of the needs of the urban land uses and the basic services of the city. The research recommended that the needs of

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Extraction of Oil from Eucalyptus Camadulensis Using Water Distillation Method
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This work was conducted to study the extraction of eucalyptus oil from natural plants (Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves) using water distillation method by Clevenger apparatus. The effects of main operating parameters were studied: time to reach equilibrium, temperature (70 to100°C), solvent to solid ratio (4:1 to 8:1 (v/w)), agitation speed (0 to 900 rpm), and particle size (0.5 to 2.5 cm) of the fresh leaves, to find the best processing conditions for achieving maximum oil yield. The results showed that the agitation speed of 900 rpm, temperature 100° C, with solvent to solid ratio 5:1 (v/w) of particle size 0.5 cm for 160 minute give the highest percentage of oil (46.25 wt.%). The extracted oil was examined by HPLC.

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Dechlorinated Water Samples
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Chlorination has been the method of choice for disinfecting water used for drinking purposes. However, some stressed bacteria during chlorination are able to recover and alter the potability of water. This study assessed the recovery of stressed bacteria in dechlorinated water. Ten chlorinated water samples were collected from different points within Ilorin metropolis, Kwara, Nigeria. The samples (100ml) were dechlorinated with 0.1ml of 11.4mM sodium thiosulphate solution. The physicochemical characteristics of the chlorinated water samples were determined while bacteriological analyses were carried out on both chlorinated and dechlorinated water samples. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using disc dif

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 28 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Clay minerals study of the Kolosh Formation at selected sections from northern Iraq: Implications for provenance history
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     The mineralogical study using X-ray diffraction (XRD) supported by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) on the claystone of the Kolosh Formation from northern Iraq was conducted to Shows the provenance history of rocks. Chlorite, montmorillonite, illite, palygorskite, and kaolinite were recorded in different amounts in the study area. The association of montmorillonite and chlorite in the claystone of the Kolosh Formation (Paleocene) refers to the marine environment. Chlorite and montmorillonite are the common minerals in the Kolosh Formation with less common of illite, kaolinite and palygorskite. These clay minerals are of authigenic, detrital and diagenetically origin, which

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Watermark Based on Singular Value Decomposition
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Watermarking operation can be defined as a process of embedding special wanted and reversible information in important secure files to protect the ownership or information of the wanted cover file based on the proposed singular value decomposition (SVD) watermark. The proposed method for digital watermark has very huge domain for constructing final number and this mean protecting watermark from conflict. The cover file is the important image need to be protected. A hidden watermark is a unique number extracted from the cover file by performing proposed related and successive operations, starting by dividing the original image into four various parts with unequal size. Each part of these four treated as a separate matrix and applying SVD

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
2017 International Conference On Environmental Impacts Of The Oil And Gas Industries: Kurdistan Region Of Iraq As A Case Study (eiogi)
Inverse fluidized bed for chromium ions removal from wastewater and produced water using peanut shells as adsorbent
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