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Comparison of Partial Least Squares and Principal Components Methods by Simulation

Abstract                                                                                              

The methods of the Principal Components and Partial Least Squares can be regard very important methods  in the regression analysis, where they are used to convert a set of highly correlated variables to a set of new independent variables, known components and those components are be linear and orthogonal independent from each other , the methods are used to reduce dimensions  in regression analysis                                                                            

In this paper , we use Partial Least Squares method with  Non -linear Iterative partial least squares NIPALS(PLS1) algorithm and the principal components method with Singular Value Decomposition(SVD )algorithm  , the simulation experiments are conduct to compare between their methods  assuming that the error is normally  distributed , several combination are supposed in simulation for both sample size, number of observation, dimension, and we find that the partial least squares method is better than the Principal Components method in two case, number of observation is greater than the number of variables(n>p) and the number of variables is greater than the number of observation (p>n).                                       

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 07 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Oral health status of patients after replacement of removable partial dentures after three years

Objective(s): To assess the effect of removable partial dentures on the abutment teeth in comparison with that of the
remaining dentition, and to investigate the effect of regular check up on periodontal health for patients using this
type of prosthesis.
Methodology: One hundred patients wearing removable partial dentures for at least three years included in the
study. Teeth used as direct or in direct retainers for the removable partial denture were considered as the study
group, while the remaining dentition in the same jaw was considered as the control group. The following periodontal
parameters were registered for each tooth, plaque and gingival indices, clinical attachment level and tooth mobility.
Patients were

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 15 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Impact of Partial Solar Eclipse on the Observation of Neutral Hydrogen Emission Line

The research involves examining the influence of partial solar eclipse on the strength of neutral hydrogen from the Sun. Baghdad University Radio Telescope (BURT) was used to monitor the partial solar eclipse on the 25th of October, 2022. Radio observations from the Sun were recorded from 11:30 AM to 03:36 PM. This means that the HI emission from the Sun was recorded before, during and after the event. It was noticed, that at the moment of maximum eclipse, ~ 46% of the Sun’s disk was covered by the Moon. For the purpose of this research, the solar radio wave intensity was monitored and the solar flux density was determined at different times, i.e. before, during and after the partial solar eclipse. The obtained results showed that

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانیة
الأداء الاعلامي بين الرضا الوظيفي و المهنية للمرأة الاعلامية في القنوات الفضائية العراقية

ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺫﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﰲ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻩﺪﻬﺷ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻳﺰﻔﻠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺍ ﺢﺴﻓ ﰲ ﻢﻬﺳﺃ ﺕﺎﻄﶈﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻳﺰﻔﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﻘﻟﺍ ﺚﺒﻟ ﻊﺳﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻝﺎ ( ﺔﻴﺿﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺑﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ( ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﰲ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺪﻋﺎﺳ ﺎﳑﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺎﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺩﺎﺳ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﲑﻏ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﲨ ﻭ

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Grammatical and rhetorical methods   In Surat Al - Iftar

I started writing the research because of the linguistic and rhetorical methods in the Holy Quran.
This Sura included in all its verses the plural form such as the word planets graves and seas except the word sky was singular as the name of a genus, and this Sura showed the horrors of the Day of Judgment at the world level Included another science is the science of the interview and also came in the repetition and deletion and other linguistic and rhetorical things and concluded this Sura that the goal of breaking the sky and scattering planets and scatter graves is the human himself.
The Koran is a miracle immortal and science is still drawn from him each according to his specialty.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 31 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Nonlinear Analysis And Applications
Face mask detection methods and techniques: A review

Corona virus sickness has become a big public health issue in 2019. Because of its contact-transparent characteristics, it is rapidly spreading. The use of a face mask is among the most efficient methods for preventing the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. Wearing the face mask alone can cut the chance of catching the virus by over 70\%. Consequently, World Health Organization (WHO) advised wearing masks in crowded places as precautionary measures. Because of the incorrect use of facial masks, illnesses have spread rapidly in some locations. To solve this challenge, we needed a reliable mask monitoring system. Numerous government entities are attempting to make wearing a face mask mandatory; this process can be facilitated by using face m

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 02 2022
Journal Name
Advances In Science And Technology Research Journal
Vein Biometric Recognition Methods and Systems: A Review

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 01 2008
Journal Name
Digital Signal Processing
A high performance parallel Radon based OFDM transceiver design and simulation

major goal of the next-generation wireless communication systems is the development of a reliable high-speed wireless communication system that supports high user mobility. They must focus on increasing the link throughput and the network capacity. In this paper a novel, spectral efficient system is proposed for generating and transmitting twodimensional (2-D) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols through 2- D inter-symbol interference (ISI) channel. Instead of conventional data mapping techniques, discrete finite Radon transform (FRAT) is used as a data mapping technique due to the increased orthogonality offered. As a result, the proposed structure gives a significant improvement in bit error rate (BER) performance. Th

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 27 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Physical Simulation for the Flow in Straight and Rectangular Loop Manifolds

The flow in a manifolds considered as an advanced problem in hydraulic engineering applications. The objectives of this study are to determine; the uniformity qn/q1 (ratio of the discharge at last outlet, qn to the discharge at first outlet, q1) and total head losses of the flow along straight and rectangular loop manifolds with different flow conditions. The straight pipes were with 18 m and 19 m long and with of 25.4 mm (1.0 in) in diameter each. While, the rectangular close loop configuration was with length of 19 m and with diameter of 25.4 mm (1.0 in) also. Constant head in the supply tank was used and the head is 2.10 m. It is found that outlets spacing and manifold configuration are the main factors aff

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Advances In Structural Engineering
Simulation and design model for reinforced concrete slabs with lacing systems

Lacing reinforcement plays a critical role in the design and performance of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs by distributing the applied loads more evenly across the slab, ensuring that no specific area of the slab is overloaded. In this study, nine slabs, divided into three groups according to the investigated parameters, were meticulously designed and evaluated to study the interplay between the lacing reinforcement and other key parameters. Each slab was crafted for simple support and was subjected to both static and repeated two-point load tests. The lacing reinforcement had an angle of 45° with various tension and lacing steel. The repeated-tested specimens with lacing reinforcement experienced smaller ductility than those of s

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 10 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Exploration And Production Technology
Geomechanical modelling and two-way coupling simulation for carbonate gas reservoir
Abstract<p>Geomechanical modelling and simulation are introduced to accurately determine the combined effects of hydrocarbon production and changes in rock properties due to geomechanical effects. The reservoir geomechanical model is concerned with stress-related issues and rock failure in compression, shear, and tension induced by reservoir pore pressure changes due to reservoir depletion. In this paper, a rock mechanical model is constructed in geomechanical mode, and reservoir geomechanics simulations are run for a carbonate gas reservoir. The study begins with assessment of the data, construction of 1D rock mechanical models along the well trajectory, the generation of a 3D mechanical earth model, and runni</p> ... Show More
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