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Problematic of Public Budgeting Under Iraqi Legislation
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The public budget in Iraq depends on a number of legislations across its fourth stages, starting from preparation to implementation and control; one of these legislations is the amended law of financial management and public Debt. No. (95) In 2004. Accordingly, the public budget cycle faces various failures, some of them resulted from the shortcomings in the legislation depended that effect on the public budget in a way or another; whereas the other failure resulted from no applying the legislation that adversely effect on the public budgeting stages that call for studying them and paying the attention toward them to present the suggestions that contribute in handling and developing public budgeting.

The research has come out with the following recommendations that are:

  • Since (1921) the establishment of Iraq state, the economic and political transformations has played a great role in changing the legislative framework that govern the public budget cycle.
  • There is no legal framework can be depended on in achieving the various stages related to investing budget because the amended law financial management and public Debt. No. (95) In 2004 doesn’t pay sufficient attention for investing budget and for every things related the stages of investing budget cycle unlike the operative budget.
  • The use of items budget style in preparing public budget has caused the absence of objectives based on in process of public budget preparing and approving which is reflected on increasing public expenditures from a year to another, especially the operative ones. This is assured through analyzing the data of federal public budget for the years of 2009 till 2013, that is still without clear specific objectives to be reported and approved during the yearly public budget law; also this is reflected on public budget control which has been ignored through objectives implementation.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 13 2022
Journal Name
Dental Hypotheses
Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Microleakage Between Bulk-Fill, Preheated Bulk-Fill, and Bulk-Fill Flowable Composite Resins Above and Below Cemento-Enamel Junction Using Micro-Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study
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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the marginal microleakage between bulk-fill, preheated bulk-fill, and bulk-fill flowable composite resins above and below cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) using micro-computed tomography. Methods: Sixty freshly extracted premolar teeth were prepared with a slot shaped cavities of a total of 120 Class II: 3mm (bucco-lingual), 2mm (mesio-distal) with mesial-gingival margin located 1mm coronal to CEJ, and distal gingival margin located 1mm apical to the CEJ. The samples were randomly divided into two main groups according to the restorative material (Tetric EvoCeram and 3M Filtek), and each group was further sub-divided into three subgroups according to the consistency (bulk fill, preheated bulk fil

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
Structural, Characterization and Biological Activity of New Ligand N-(Pyrimidin-2-Yl Carbamothioyl) Acetamide and Its Complexes With (VO(II), Mn (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II)
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New ligand of N-(pyrimidin-2-yl carbamothioyl)acetamide was synthesized and its complexes with (VO(II), Mn (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) are formed with confirmation of their structures on the bases of spectroscopic analyses. Antimicrobial activity of new complexes are studied against Gram positive S. aureus and Gram negative E. coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas. The octahedral geometrical structures are proved depending on the outcomes from the preceding procedures. Keywords: pyrimidin-2-amine, acetyl isothiocyanate, complexes, Antimicrobial activity

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Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Results In Chemistry
Synthesis and characterization of (E)-4-(((4-(5-mercapto-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) phenyl) amino) methyl)-2-methoxyphenol as a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild-steel in acidic medium
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
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Case Studies In Chemical And Environmental Engineering
Removal of copper from a simulated wastewater by electromembrane extraction technique using a novel electrolytic cell provided with a flat polypropylene membrane infused with 1-octanol and DEHP as a carrier
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 15 2024
Journal Name
Nibal
يعتبر الاتصال وسيلة هادفة من الوسائل الرئيسية التي تستخدمها المنظمة الإدارية في تحقيق أهدافها إذ أن جميع العاملين يتعاملون مع بعضهم البعض من خلال وسائل الاتصال المختلفة من أجل ضمان تسيير نشاطاتهم وتحقيق أهدافهم وهذا يدل على أن الاتصال يعتبر الوسيلة الاجتماعية التي يحقق الأفراد من خلالها سبل التفاهم والتفاعل البناء
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Chaos, Solitons & Fractals
Modeling and analysis of an <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si7.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> epidemic model with nonlinear incidence and general recovery functions of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si8.svg"><mml:msub><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Synthesis and identification of some new N-substituted quinazoline-4-one, thiazine-4-one and tetrazoline rings incorporating N-ethyl-2-(benzylthio)benzimidazole acetate and study their application as anti-oxidant agent
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Publication Date
Fri Oct 01 2010
Journal Name
Analytica Chimica Acta
A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in food and feed using monolithic column and positive confirmation by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
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The development of a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence method for the determination of the mycotoxins fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 by using silica-based monolithic column is described. The samples were first extracted using acetonitrile:water (50:50, v/v) and purified by using a C18 solid phase extraction-based clean-up column. Then, pre-column derivatization for the analyte using ortho-phthaldialdehyde in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol was carried out. The developed method involved optimization of mobile phase composition using methanol and phosphate buffer, injection volume, temperature and flow rate. The liquid chromatographic separation was performed using a reversed phase Chromolith® RP-18e column

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Karbala Journal Of Medicine
Assessment Of Her-2/Neu Gene Amplification Status by Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization in Breast Cancer Patients with Equivocal 2+ Her-2/Neu Immunostaining and Its Relation to The Clinic Pathological Parameters
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background: human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (her2/neu) is related to growth factor receptors with alkaline kinase activity and it is regarded as important prognostic and therapeutic factor that can depended on in breast cancer therapy. HER2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is submitted to a great in terob server inconsistency. Subsequently additional confirmatory tests for assessment of gene alterations and amplification status are needed for patients with early or metastatic breast cancer. In situ hybridization techniques and specifically Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) was arise as a practical, cost-effective, and alternative to fluorescent in situ hybridization in testing for gene alterationAims of the study

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 24 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Chemical And Pharmaceutical Research
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of [Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II)] mixed ligand complexes schiff base derived from amoxicillin drug and 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde with nicotinamide
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New Schiff base ligand (E)-6-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)-3,3- dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1- azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid = (HL) was synthesized via condensation of Amoxicillin and 4(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde in methanol. Figure -1 Polydentate mixed ligand complexes were obtained from 1:1:2 molar ratio reactions with metal ions and HL, 2NA on reaction with MCl2 .nH2O salt yields complexes corresponding to the formulas [M(L)(NA)2Cl],where M=Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),and Zn(II), A=nicotinamide .

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