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Methods of Foreign Trade Payments -Comparative Accounting Study-
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 The research has been concerned with the modalities of foreign trade payments (foreign trade financing), and made an accounting comparison between them to choose the best way to pay for the imported goods (payment of the real values of imported goods), given the importance of the impact of this activity on the national economy of all countries of the world, especially Iraq for the adoption of a very large amount of imported goods to meet the requirements of the people, which require the flow of huge amounts of foreign currency outside Iraq to pay for these goods, and therefore dealing incorrectly with it leads to the destruction of the national economy and the spread of a number of negative social and economic phenomena of funds smuggling and financing of terrorism also financial and administrative corruption and flooding the local markets with bad and non-standard goods, this issue is becoming increasingly important in Iraq because the high reliance on imported goods to meet the needs of people, the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:

  • The method of Foreign Bank Transfers differs from the method Documentary Credits Issued for Import in terms of enhanced documents for each of them, where the method of foreign bank transfers depends on one or two documents, which makes it easy to falsify, while the method of documentary credits issued for import depends on a complete set (package) of documents, making it difficult to falsify.
  • Although the Documentary Credits method is based on a complete set (package) of documents that are difficult to falsify, in fact, it is also possible to falsify their documents but at a much lower level than the level of falsifying the documents of the method of Foreign Bank Transfers.

   The researcher also recommends using Documentary Credits Issued method for import exclusively in the process of foreign trade payments and to prevent the use of foreign bank transfer method for this purpose in order to maintain the strength of the Iraqi national economy to reduce or eliminate the following negative phenomena:

  • Money smuggling.
  • Financing terrorism.
  • Financial and administrative corruption.
  • Dumping markets with poor and non-standard goods.

 

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 26 2023
Journal Name
Wasit Journal Of Pure Sciences
Covid-19 Prediction using Machine Learning Methods: An Article Review
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The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated new methods for controlling the spread of the virus, and machine learning (ML) holds promise in this regard. Our study aims to explore the latest ML algorithms utilized for COVID-19 prediction, with a focus on their potential to optimize decision-making and resource allocation during peak periods of the pandemic. Our review stands out from others as it concentrates primarily on ML methods for disease prediction.To conduct this scoping review, we performed a Google Scholar literature search using "COVID-19," "prediction," and "machine learning" as keywords, with a custom range from 2020 to 2022. Of the 99 articles that were screened for eligibility, we selected 20 for the final review.Our system

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of University Of Babylon For Engineering Sciences
Introduction to Methods for Simulating Urban Heat Islands: Subject Review
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Urbanization led to significant changes in the properties of the land surface. That appends additional heat loads at the city, which threaten comfort and health of people. There is unclear understanding represent of the relationship between climate indicators and the features of the early virtual urban design. The research focused on simulation capability, and the affect in urban microclimate. It is assumed that the adoption of certain scenarios and strategies to mitigate the intensity of the UHI leads to the improvement of the local climate and reduce the impact of global warming. The aim is to show on the UHI methods simulation and the programs that supporting simulation and mitigate the effect UHI. UHI reviewed has been conducted the for

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effective Computational Methods for Solving the Jeffery-Hamel Flow Problem
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In this paper, the effective computational method (ECM) based on the standard monomial polynomial has been implemented to solve the nonlinear Jeffery-Hamel flow problem. Moreover, novel effective computational methods have been developed and suggested in this study by suitable base functions, namely Chebyshev, Bernstein, Legendre, and Hermite polynomials. The utilization of the base functions converts the nonlinear problem to a nonlinear algebraic system of equations, which is then resolved using the Mathematica®12 program. The development of effective computational methods (D-ECM) has been applied to solve the nonlinear Jeffery-Hamel flow problem, then a comparison between the methods has been shown. Furthermore, the maximum

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Publication Date
Wed May 17 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The methods used by the Prophet in teaching the Companions
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The condition of Islam and Muslims and what their political, social, cultural and educational status, and even religious and faith status, has led to whoever feels his belonging to this great religion and that middle nation, to try as much as he can to fix what has been corrupted as much as he can, and perhaps in diagnosing illness and illness as It was said half the way to treatment, and from this standpoint I liked to occupy thought, work consideration and harness part of the youth’s life in order to reach what contributes to reforming the situation and the safety of generations, and this is only in seeking knowledge and learning it by following the guidance of the Messenger (r) and his companions ( y) Therefore, the subject of my re

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Publication Date
Mon May 19 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Drag Reduction Using Passive Methods on KIA PRIDE Car Model
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An experimental study on a KIA pride (SAIPA 131) car model with scale of 1:14 in the wind tunnel was made beside the real car tests. Some of the modifications to passive flow control which are (vortex generator, spoiler and slice diffuser) were added to the car to reduce the drag force which its undesirable characteristic that increase fuel consumption and exhaust toxic gases. Two types of calculations were used to determine the drag force acting on the car body. Firstly, is by the integrating the values of pressure recorded along the pressure taps (for the wind tunnel and the real car testing), secondly, is by using one component balance device (wind tunnel testing) to measure the force. The results show that, the average drag estimated on

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2024
Journal Name
Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
Employing Phytoremediation Methods to Extract Heavy Metals from Polluted Soils
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The phytoremediation technique has become very efficient for treating soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted where the Dodonaea plant (known as hops) was grown, and soil previously contaminated with metals (Zn, Ni, Cd) was added at concentrations 100, 50, 0 mg·kg-1 for Ni and Zn, and at concentrations of 0, 5, 10 mg·kg-1 for cadmium. Irrigation was done within the limits of the field capacity of the soil. Cadmium, nickel and zinc was estimated in the soil to find out the capacity of plants to the absorption of heavy and contaminated metals by using bioconcentration factors (BCFs), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) and translocation factor (TF). Additionally, BCF values of both Ni and Zn were l

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 18 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Different methods for characterizing surface roughness using laser speckle technique
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In this work, results from an optical technique (laser speckle technique) for measuring surface roughness was done by using statistical properties of speckle pattern from the point of view of computer image texture analysis. Four calibration relationships were used to cover wide range of measurement with the same laser speckle technique. The first one is based on intensity contrast of the speckle, the second is based on analysis of speckle binary image,  the third is on size of speckle pattern spot, and the latest one is based on characterization of the energy feature of the gray level co-occurrence matrices for the speckle pattern. By these calibration relationships surface roughness of an object surface can be evaluated within the

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Permeability Estimation by Using the Modified and Conventional FZI Methods
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There many methods for estimation of permeability. In this Paper, permeability has been estimated by two methods. The conventional and modified methods are used to calculate flow zone indicator (FZI). The hydraulic flow unit (HU) was identified by FZI technique. This technique is effective in predicting the permeability in un-cored intervals/wells. HU is related with FZI and rock quality index (RQI). All available cores from 7 wells (Su -4, Su -5, Su -7, Su -8, Su -9, Su -12, and Su -14) were used to be database for HU classification. The plot of probability cumulative of FZI is used. The plot of core-derived probability FZI for both modified and conventional method which indicates 4 Hu (A, B, C and D) for Nahr Umr forma

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Volterra Runge- Kutta Methods for Solving Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations
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In this paper Volterra Runge-Kutta methods which include: method of order two and four will be applied to general nonlinear Volterra integral equations of the second kind. Moreover we study the convergent of the algorithms of Volterra Runge-Kutta methods. Finally, programs for each method are written in MATLAB language and a comparison between the two types has been made depending on the least square errors.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 23 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Drag Reduction Using Passive Methods on KIA PRIDE Car Model
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An experimental study on a KIA pride (SAIPA 131) car model with scale of 1:14 in the wind tunnel was made beside the real car tests. Some of the modifications to passive flow control which are (vortex generator, spoiler and slice diffuser) were added to the car to reduce the drag force which its undesirable characteristic that increase fuel consumption and exhaust toxic gases. Two types of calculations were used to determine the drag force acting on the car body. Firstly, is by the integrating the values of pressure recorded along the pressure taps (for the wind tunnel and the real car testing), secondly, is by using one component balance device (wind tunnel testing) to measure the force. The results show that, the avera

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