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The Effect of Extreme Values on Streeter-Phleps Model Parameter Estimators With Application Abstract
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Abstract

   The extremes effects in parameters readings which are BOD (Biological Oxygen Demands) and DO(Dissolved Oxygen) can caused error estimating of the model’s parameters which used to determine the ratio of de oxygenation and re oxygenation of the dissolved oxygen(DO),then that will caused launch big amounts of the sewage pollution  water to the rivers and it’s turn is effect in negative form on the ecosystem life and the different types of the water wealth.

   As result of what mention before this research came to employees Streeter-Phleps model parameters estimation which are (Kd,Kr) the de oxygenation and re oxygenation ratios on respectively, after detect and putting aside the extremes effects by follow some suggested algorithms.

   The experimental results shows the effects of parameter estimators and the mean square errors(MSE) that belong to it by the different ratio of extremes.

   We can follow some other estimating methods such as (bias and robust estimators ) to remove the effect of the extreme values specially with the ratio more than (20%). 

 

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 02 2016
Journal Name
Bioremediation Journal
Kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium biosorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) using dead mushroom biomass under batch experiment
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In this study, a low-cost biosorbent, dead mushroom biomass (DMB) granules, was used for investigating the optimum conditions of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) biosorption from aqueous solutions. Various physicochemical parameters, such as initial metal ion concentration, equilibrium time, pH value, agitation speed, particles diameter, and adsorbent dosage, were studied. Five mathematical models describing the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were tested to find the maximum uptake capacities: Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, and Khan models. The best fit to the Pb(II) and Ni(II) biosorption results was obtained by Langmuir model with maximum uptake capacities of 44.67 and 29.17 mg/g for these two ions, respectively, w

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Pragmatics and Speech Act- History, Importance and Stages of Development: הפרגמטיקה ופעולת־הדיבור- התולדות, החשיבות ושלבי ההתפתחות (יישמוים בלשון העברית)
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      The present study stresses two of the most significant aspects of linguistic approach: Pragmatics” and the “Speech Act Theory”, revealing its importance and the stages and levels of development through Hebrew language’s speech acts analysis including (political speech, the Holy Bible, Hebrew stories).

       Chronologically, Pragmatics has always been the center of linguists’ interests due to its importance in linguistic decryptions, particularly, through “Speech Act Theory” that has been initiated and developed by the most prominent philosophers and linguistics.

        The prese

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Publication Date
Sun May 07 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Determination of Serum Zinc, Manganese, Copper and Cobalt Traces In Type Two Diabetic Patients in Sulaimaniyah City Using ICP Technique
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Direct determination of trace metals Zn, Mn, Cu and Co were performed in serum
blood samples of two groups diabetic patient type 2 and non diabetes by ICP spectrometric
method. Results show the low levels of these elements Zn, Mn and Co while high level of Cu
detected compared with non diabetes according to these results good evidence can be made to
control these levels through a special diet containing these metals.

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 23 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Root resorption and anti-dentine antibody level in serum and saliva of well-controlled type ? diabetic patients undergoing orthodontic treatment
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Background: Diabetic mellitus type ? is a metabolic disorder of diverse etiological factors, characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from an absolute deficiency of insulin affected childhood and adolescent. Some of these patients seek an orthodontic care .The orthodontist who is treating these medically compromised patients should have a working knowledge of the multitude of medically complex problems. This information will support and enable for delivery of high standards of dental care in general and orthodontic care in particular. The aim of this study was to analyze serum IgG levels and salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in human dentine extract (HDE) before (T0) and 6 months after (T6) orthodontic treatment and to correlate anti-HDE

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide nanorods coated by graphene oxide ZnO-NR@GO as a potential hybrid material photocatalyst
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Hybrid architecture of ZnO nanorods/graphene oxide ZnO-NRs@GO synthesized by electrostatic self-assembly methods. The morphological, optical and luminescence characteristics of ZnO-NRs@GO and ZnO-NRs thin films have been described by FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, and AFM, which refers to graphene oxide have been coated ZnO-NRs with five layers. Here we synthesis ZnO-NRs@GO by simple, cheap and environmentally friendly method, which made it favorable for huge -scale preparation in many applications such as photocatalyst. ZnO-NRs@GO was applied as a photocatalyst Rodamin 6 G (R6G) dye from water using 532 nm diode laser-induced photocatalytic process. Overall degradation of R6G/ ZnO-NRs@GO was achieved after 90 minutes of laser irradiation while it ne

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 05 2017
Journal Name
Https://www.researchgate.net/journal/international-journal-of-science-and-research-ijsr-2319-7064
Evaluation of Water Quality using Bhargava Water Quality Index Method and GIS, Case Study: Euphrates River in Al-Najaf City
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2022
Journal Name
Nature Environment And Pollution Technology
Green Synthesis Of Bimetallic Iron/Copper Nanoparticles Using Ficus Leaves Extract For Removing Orange G(OG) Dye From Aqueous Medium
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This study shows that it is possible to fabricate and characterize green bimetallic nanoparticles using eco-friendly reduction and a capping agent, which is then used for removing the orange G dye (OG) from an aqueous solution. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were applied on the resultant bimetallic nanoparticles to ensure the size, and surface area of particles nanoparticles. The results found that the removal efficiency of OG depends on the G‑Fe/Cu‑NPs concentration (0.5-2.0 g.L-1), initial pH (2‑9), OG concentration (10-50 mg.L-1), and temperature (30-50 °C). The batch experiments showed

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Liquids
Corrosion inhibition behavior of expired diclofenac Sodium drug for Al 6061 alloy in aqueous media: Electrochemical, morphological, and theoretical investigations
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The behavior corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloy (Al6061) in acidic (0.1 M HCl) and saline (3.5% NaCl) solutions was investigated in the absence and the presence of expired diclofenac sodium drug (DSD) as a corrosion inhibitor. The influence of temperature and was studied using electrochemical techniques. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology. The results showed that DSD acted as a powerful inhibitor in acidic solutions, while a moderate influence was observed with saline one. Maximum inhibition efficiency was 99.99 and 83.32% in acidic and saline solutions at 150 ppm of DSD, respectively. Corrosion current density that obtained using electrochemical technique was increased with temperat

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 18 2016
Journal Name
Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, And Biotechnology
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> leaf extract and assessing their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing activities
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Publication Date
Thu Nov 07 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry
Performance improvement of phase change material (PCM)-based shell-and-tube-type latent heat energy storage system utilizing curved fins
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