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Assessing the financial performance of the Chambers of the municipalities of Babylon , Karbala ,applied research comparative ((Search unsheathed))
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Abstract
             Shorten the research problem that there is no system or model to evaluate the financial performance of the departments of municipalities where it is not possible for a person or institution both to know or to know their success in terms of the financial work of failure and where it is now than those without assessing the financial performed, authorized to be and necessities FATF is the financial performance assessment, which is the work unfinished aspects without Hence the work came in this study to study and diagnose and analyze financial data in a sample of municipal departments in order to develop a model to assess the financial performance of these departments and applied to the sample and make comparisons between the research sample circles to prove feasibility of through its benefits to these municipalities stems from the importance of theoretical and practical importance of performance and this is the central objective and the year of the study, and therefore this application study dealt with and this comparative research the theoretical side, starting the methodology of research and some previous studies, and then the researcher theoretical side second Balambges and was intended to cover cognitive aspects of the subject Seat.oma third section represents the practical side has been used, a researcher at Onmozjh financial analysis of the financial statements realism to sample three tools are horizontal analysis, vertical analysis and analysis of financial ratios where the financial statements realism tab for sample research and application ratios them by putting them in the analytical tables meet the needs of the work tables are included as attachments to this research and analysis it gives a clear perception of the recipient and rich information on the financial performance of municipalities. It is through the theoretical and practical side of the researcher to a set of conclusions and recommendations laid down by the fourth and final section.



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Comparison Between Conventional and Microwave Methods For Extraction Pectin and Degree of Esterification from Orange (Citrus sinesis) and Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Peels
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In this study Microwave and conventional methods have been used to extract and estimate pectin and its degree of esterification from dried grapefruit and orange peels. Acidified solution water with nitric acid in pH (1.5) was used. In conventional method, different temperature degrees for extraction pectin from grape fruit and orange(85 ,90 , 95 and 100?C) for 1 h were used The results showed grapefruit peels contained 12.82, 17.05, 18.47, 15.89% respectively, while the corresponding values were 5.96, 6.74, 7.41 and 8.00 %, respectively in orange peels. In microwave method, times were 90, 100, 110 and 120 seconds. Grapefruit peels contain 13.86, 16.57, 18.69, and 17.87%, respectively, while the corresponding values were of 6.53, 6.68, 7.2

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