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Causality Analysis of the Nexus between Higher Education and Income Distribution in Iraq
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Abstract:

The achievement of economic and social welfare for individual is the main target to all policies that adopted by all countries worldwide either were economic, social, political or others. The obtaining of education by individuals and especially the higher education is one of the most important determinates in achieving the wellbeing and lasted economic development. This is because via the higher education new fields can be opened in front of individuals in order to get adequate jobs associated with their scientific specialization. This is allowing educated individuals gain higher income that can reduce the gap of income inequality.

Thus, this paper aims to analysis the nexus between the level of higher education and equality of income distribution in Iraq during the period 1990-2014. We means by the level of higher education the number alumnus who obtains the undergraduate degree as well as post graduate. By using the test of cointegration and Granger causality, the paper found that there is not nexus between the level of income (salary) and the level of higher education in Iraq. Therefore, the paper suggests a number of policies need to be implemented to improve the equality of income distribution in Iraq such as: increases the number of alumnus, encouraging the study loans especially for poor, and also improve the quality of education provided by the Iraqi universities to facilitate getting jobs inside Iraq and abroad. 

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 29 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Study of Antioxidation Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted From Green Algae Enteromorpha sp.: Study of Antioxidation Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted From Green Algae Enteromorpha sp.
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Samples of the green algae were collected from water of Shatt al-Arab in Garmat Ali in Basra. After purification, the green algae identified on Enteromorpha sp. The samples were dried and milled, then sulfated polysaccharides were extracted with hot water at 90°C precipitated with absolute ethanol, dialysed and lyophilized. The chemical composition was total sugars 56.4%, protein 1.3% and sulfur 19.7%. Antioxidation activity of sulfated polysaccharides was studied by four method and included estimation of ability of scavenging hydroxylated radicals, the results showed an increased in ability with increasing concentrations. Ability of scavenging and was 59.86% at the concentration of 2.5 mg/ ml, but BHT was 81.36%. Ability of scavenging

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
РОЛЬ СРЕДСТВ НАГЛЯДНОСТИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ КАК ИНОСТРАННОМУ В ИРАСКОЙ АУДИТОРИИ The Role of the Use of Visual Aids in the Process Of Learning Russian Language in Lraq as a Foreign Language
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В статье рассматриваются понятие наглядности и ее классификация, эффективное применение принципа наглядности, возможность и преимущество использования наглядности и современные инструменты ее реализации в ираке.

 

Вследствие глобальных изменений во всем мире изменилась и роль иностранного языка в системе образования. Современный человек, шагающий в ногу со временем, не мыслит себя без зна

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 25 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
War Reporters In Iraqi Satellite Channels And Its Role In Increasing Understanding Of The Audience Of The News .: Field Study For The Reporters And The Audiences In Baghdad For The Period From 1/07/2014 Till – 1/11/2014
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The importance of media coverage in the war remains dependent on many indicators for its success, the most important is to have qualified reporters who carry the war news professionally. The idea of this research is to determine the role played by war correspondents working on Iraqi satellite channels during the war against ISIS.
The researcher has chosen ( 40 ) reporters those who was able to contact them and prepared a questionnaire for them to study their situations. Also, he chose an intentional sample from Baghdad audience on condition they should be informed by the performance of the reporters in the satellite channels applying the hypotheses of the theory of depending upon media.
The most important results reached by the re

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The possibility of achieving sustainable agricultural development in Iraq
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Purpose – The research aims to introduce sustainable agricultural development and the possibility of its application in the Iraqi agricultural sector by setting a proposed plan by which to overcome obstacles and then advance the reality of the agricultural sector in Iraq and the fact that the process of achieving agricultural development in the Iraqi agricultural sector today has become more sophisticated and more distant than before. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach based on the principles of economic theory to clarify the shortcomings in the process of harmony between the three main elements of sustainable agricultural development, which are natural, social, and manufactured.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Education Development in Local Community Analysis Study
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Human resources are considered as strategic fortune for being the main driver of the development wheel in the society, and the field of education and learning is one of the main pillars of this fortune for its great effect in the process of economic and social progress of individuals. I was the subject of education to the concerns of many countries, as adopted national policies . And regional support and the reduction of constraints, so came our study (education hub for human development) to identify the role of education in human development and to identify the obstacles facing the education process and the extent of its impacts negatively on the process of human development also contribute to the knowledge of school enrollment and the

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 02 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect Of Flexible Grouping Strategy And Three Step Interview Strategy On Achievement Of The History Material Among Student Of The First Intermediate Class
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  The research aims to know The Effect Of Flexible Grouping Strategy  and Three Step Interview strategy on achievement of the history material among student of the first literary class, The Researcher used the experimental design of the two experimental groups and the control group and with post test, researcher group (a) represent the experimental group taught according the Flexible Grouping Strategy  , and Division (c) to represent the second experimental group which studied according Three Step Interview strategy and Division (b ) to represent the control group taught in the traditional method, the number of students (99) students of (33) female students in each division. T

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 17 2022
Journal Name
مجلة الدراسات الدولية
Iraq's strategic performance in achieving sustainable development after 2005: challenges and coping strategies
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The research discusses the obstacles that faced the Iraqi strategic performance in achieving sustainable development after the election of the first Iraqi government in 2005 and the most important strategies to overcome these obstacles.

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Influence of Nanoreinforced Particles (Al2O3) on Fatigue Life and Strength of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composite
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Abstract

     In this investigation, Al2O3 nano material of 50nm particles size were added to the 6061 Al aluminium alloy by using the stir casting technique to fabricate the nanocomposite of 10wt% Al2O3. The experimental results observed that the addition of 10wt% Al2O3 improved the fatigue life and strength of constant and cumulative fatigue. Comparison between the S-N curves behaviour of metal matrix (AA6061) and the nanocomposite 10wt% Al2O3 has been made. The comparison revealed that 12.8% enhancement in fatigue strength at 107cycles due to 10wt% nano reinforcement. Also cumulative fatigue l

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
اثر استعمال انموذج ديك و كاري في تحصيل طالبات الأول المتوسط في مادة جغرافية
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Occupies an important geographical position, and instructional material is distinctive among the various course materials, as covered in the study of human and surrounding environment, and interaction happening between them, and the problems that arose as a result and a lot of reliable in achieving educational purposes. Through the monotony and tradition in the methods used in our schools in the teaching of geography, which prevails in teaching nature conservation and indoctrination with poor educational qualification as a teacher geography, and the fact that this article need to be effective methods for teaching, such as the use of teaching models modern-dependent student at the center of the process education, and this is confirmed by

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 03 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Species of Centaurium Hill. in Iraq and its geographical distribution
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Comparative taxonomic study has been compeleted for the species of the. genus Centaurium Hill. of Iraq. So the morphological characters were studied comparatively for the first time form Iraqi materials. Stems, leaves ,infloresences and reproductive organs characters were a good taxonomic importance. Geographical distrtribution has been done for the species of the genus in addition to the environment information. The results were presented with schedules, tables, maps and micrographs. Taxonomic key for the species separation was also presented.

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