Distribution of light intensity in the flat photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation as a step design for production of bio-renewable energy was addressed in the current study. Five sizes of bioreactors with specific distances from the main light source were adopted as independent variables in experiential design model. The results showed that the bioreactor’s location according to the light source, determines the nature of light intensity distribution in the reactor body. However, the cross-section area plays an important role in determining the suitable location of reactor to achieve required light homogeneity. This area could change even the expected response of the light passing through the reactor if Beer-Lambert's law is adopted.

Communicating effectively by gaining productive skills in a classroom setting is one of the critical goals of learning the English language. The current study was conducted to explore the correlation of EFL learners’ level of academic intelligence with their productive skills. The study tries to find an answer to what is the correlation between EFL learners’ academic intelligence and level of production skills. The study population represents EFL students at the departments of English language of the Iraqi Colleges of Education for the academic year (2022-2023). The sample includes 310 EFL students selected from the 3rd year of the Department of English of the College of Education, Ibn-Rushd for Human Sciences/University of Bagh

A topological index, commonly referred to as a connectivity index, is a molecular structural descriptor that describes a chemical compound's topology. Topological indices are a major topic in graph theory. In this paper, we first define a new graph, which is a concept from the coronavirus, called a corona graph, and then we give some theoretical results for the Wiener and the hyper Wiener index of a graph, according to ( the number of pairs of vertices (u, v) of G that are at a distance . Moreover, calculate some topological indices degree-based, such as the first and second Zagreb index, ,  and  index, and first and second Gourava index for the recent graph. In addition, we introduced a new topological index, the , w

This study was performed by using the unsaturated polyester resin as matrix to the
composite materials with the rice husk as reinforced materials . The research included study
of wear test on the composite material The results show that the, wear is increased with the
increase of applied load and distance slipping and also with time increase . moreover the
shows that the higher value wear rate( 1.91gm/cm) from the load (20) N and the higher value
wear rate (1.43gm/cm) from the higher distance (4cm) and from the higher time (6min) higher
wear rate (5.33gm/cm).

The paper comprise comparative palynological study of (11) species belong to the genus Echinops L. in Iraq i.e( E.armatus Boiss. & Hausskn ، E.bicolor Nabelek. ، E.cephalotes DC., E.haussknetchii Boiss. ، E.mosulensis ، Rech. ،
E.nitens Bornm. ، E.orientalis Trautv., E.parviflorous BOISS & BUHSE ،
E.spinossisms Turra . ، E.tenuisectus Rech. ، E.viscosus DC.، Pollen grain were found to be Tricolporate and with spherical shaped ,in polar view the grain found to be Interangular , while in equatorial view the grain found to be ellipsoid .

The prediction of the blood flow through an axisymmetric arterial stenosis is one of the most important aspects to be considered during the Atherosclrosis. Since the blood is specified as a non-Newtonian flow, therefore the effect of fluid types and effect of rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluid on the degree of stenosis have been studied. The motion equations are written in vorticity-stream function formulation and solved numerically. A comparison is made between a Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid for blood flow at different velocities, viscosity and Reynolds number were solved also. It is found that the properties of blood must be at a certain range to preventing atheroscirasis

The research in the variables of the political process and government stability tried to show the impact of the political process on political stability first, and then on government stability second, given that the political process that was established in 2005 was aimed at achieving legitimacy, and its most prominent tools are elections, leading to achieving political stability, including government stability. The issue of governmental stability is one of the important issues in Iraq, but it has not been achieved, as a result of several factors, including problems in political action, as the political process has not succeeded in leading Iraq to stability.