This paper aims at presenting a comparison between objective and subjective tests . This paper attemptsto shed light on these two aspects of tests and make do a compression by using suitable techniques for objective and subjective tests .

     The paper compares between the two techniques used by the objective and subjective tests respectively, the time and efforts required by each type, the extent to which each type can be reliable, and the skills each type is suitable to measure.

     The paper shows that objective tests, on the contrary of the subjective ones, encourages guess> Objective tests are used to test specific areas of langua

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized via liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as precursor using flame fragments deposition (FFD) technique. In vitro, biological activates of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized by FFD technique were investigated. The physiochemical characterizations of synthesized CNTs are similar to other synthesized CNTs and to the standard sample. Pharmaceutical application of synthesized CNTs was studied via conjugation and adsorption with different types of medicines as promote groups. The conjugation of CNTs was performed by adsorption the drugs such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) on CNTs depending on physical properties of both bonded parts. The synthesized CNTs almost have the same performance in a

Fiscal policy is one of the important economic tools that affect economic development in general and human development in particular through its tools (public revenues, public expenditures, and the general budget).

It was hoped that the effects of fiscal policy during the study period (2004-2007) will positively reflect on human development indicators (health, education, income) by raising these indicators on the ground. After 2003, public revenues in Iraq increased due to increased revenues. However, despite this increase in public budgets, the actual impact on human development and its indicators was not equivalent to this increase in financial revenues. QR The value of the general budget allocations ha

     In this paper, the maximum likelihood estimator and the Bayes estimator of the reliability function for negative exponential distribution has been derived, then a Monte –Carlo simulation technique was employed to compare the performance of such estimators. The integral mean square error (IMSE) was used as a criterion for this comparison. The simulation results displayed that the Bayes estimator performed better than the maximum likelihood estimator for different samples sizes.

In this paper, the Monte-Carlo simulation method was used to compare the robust circular S estimator with the circular Least squares method in the case of no outlier data and in the case of the presence of an outlier in the data through two trends, the first is contaminant with high inflection points that represents contaminant in the circular independent variable, and the second the contaminant in the vertical variable that represents the circular dependent variable using three comparison criteria, the median standard error (Median SE), the median of the mean squares of error (Median MSE), and the median of the mean cosines of the circular residuals (Median A(k)). It was concluded that the method of least squares is better than the

In this paper we use the Markov Switching model to investigate the link between the level of Iraqi inflation and its uncertainty; forth period 1980-2010 we measure inflation uncertainty as the variance of unanticipated  inflation. The results ensure there are a negative effect of inflation level on inflation uncertainty and  all so there are a positive effect of inflation uncertainty on inflation level.                                                   &nbsp

   The simulation is the oldest theory in art, since it appeared in the Greek aesthetic thought of the philosopher Plato, as we find in many of the thinkers and philosophers over a wide period of time to reach our world today. Our fascination with art in general and design art in particular is due to the creativity and innovations of the artist through the simulation, as well as the peculiarities in this simulation, which give objects signs and signals that may have an echo that sometimes does not exist in their physical reality.

   The real representation of life and design construction, descriptions of the expression of each of them in the form of intellectual construction and the ideas of producti

The research aims to review the concepts of banking efficiency and its relationship to performance, productivity and efficiency, as well as analyze the efficiency of the banking in micro-economic view.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research We have been employed graphic, Econometrics  and Mathematical methods to derive the different concepts of banking efficiency.

We showed that there are two main methods used to measure the bank efficiency, the first called Stochastic Frontier Analysis , this technique depends on the parametric methods, The other method is called Data Envelopment Analysis is based on mathematical programming methods

  In this paper, the restricted least squares method is employed to estimate the parameters of the Cobb-Douglas production function and then analyze and interprete the results obtained.         A practical application is performed on the state company for leather industries in Iraq for the period (1990-2010).         The statistical program SPSS is used to perform the required calculations.