The present study aimed to examine the effect of endosulfan insecticide on some molecular and biochemical parameters in white mice. Thirty mice were separated randomly into three groups for treatment with endosulfan. One group (G1) served as the control, while the other two groups received intraperitoneal injections of endosulfan G2 (3 mg/kg) and G3 (17 mg/kg) twice a week for 21 and 45 days, respectively. A biochemical study by measuring liver  function parameters, including (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) and kidney function parameters, including (Blood Urea and Creatinine) and malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity (CAT). This study also tested DNA damage by comet assay (normal%, low%, med

The photonconductor detectors CdSe:Cu was fabricated as a thin film of (1 μm) in thickness using vacuum evaporation technique. doping with copper was made using vacuum annealing at 350oC under argon atmosphere . The spectral responsivity and spectral detectivity of the detector were determined as a function of incident wavelength on the sample. A remarkable improvement in performance was absorbed for the specimen, which doping with (1-5 wt%) Cu.
The spectral response increases with increasing of wavelength for incident radiation to maximum value, after that , it reduced sharply . There is a shifting for peak responsivity indirect of higher wavelength. The detectivity was increased with doping but its decreased as the concentration in

In this paper solar radiation was studied over the Iraqi countary land. The best sun duration hours regions (maximum hours) in Iraq were estimated detected by using Geographic information system (GIS Ver. 9.2) program to apply the (Inverse distance weighting) IDW exact interpolation technique depending on the measured data of metrological stations were distributed on the land areas of Iraq. The total area of the best regions was calculated .Excel 2007 program is used in calculation, graphics and comparison the results.

The research studied and analyzed the hybrid parallel-series systems of asymmetrical components by applying different experiments of simulations used to estimate the reliability function of those systems through the use of the maximum likelihood method as well as the Bayes standard method via both symmetrical and asymmetrical loss functions following Rayleigh distribution and Informative Prior distribution. The simulation experiments included different sizes of samples and default parameters which were then compared with one another depending on Square Error averages. Following that was the application of Bayes standard method by the Entropy Loss function that proved successful throughout the experimental side in finding the reliability fun

Truncated distributions arise naturally in many practical situations. It’s a conditional distribution that develops when the parent distribution's domain is constrained to a smaller area. The distribution of a right truncated is one of the types of a single truncated that is restricted within a specific field and usually occurs when the specified period for the study is complete.  Hence, this paper introduces Right Truncated Inverse Generalized Rayleigh Distribution (RTIGRD) with two parameters  is introduced. Then, provided some properties such as; (probability density function, cumulative distribution function (CDF), survival function, hazard function, ‎rth moment, mean,   variance, Moment Generating Function, Skewness, kurtosi

Witnessing the global arena many changes in the political, economic, social, scientific and technological have left their mark on the world as a whole, these changes require necessarily Advancement of the profession of auditing, and improve their performance, especially after the mixer skepticism the health of approach and the method followed by a check in the major audit firms global view as for the external audit of an active role in providing services to members of the community in various sectors, were to be provide these services to the highest level of quality.To ensure the quality of the audit process to be a proper planning is based on a scientific basis to be the substrate a strong underlying different audit works, and if planni

Genetic algorithms (GA) are a helpful instrument for planning and controlling the activities of a project. It is based on the technique of survival of the fittest and natural selection. GA has been used in different sectors of construction and building however that is rarely documented. This research aimed to examine the utilisation of genetic algorithms in construction project management. For this purpose, the research focused on the benefits and challenges of genetic algorithms, and the extent to which genetic algorithms is utilised in construction project management. Results showed that GA provides an ability of generating near optimal solutions which can be adopted to reduce complexity in project management and resolve difficult problem

A load flow program is developed using MATLAB and based on the Newton–Raphson method,which shows very fast and efficient rate of convergence as well as computationally the proposed method is very efficient and it requires less computer memory through the use of sparsing method and other methods in programming to accelerate the run speed to be near the real time.
The designed program computes the voltage magnitudes and phase angles at each bus of the network under steady–state operating conditions. It also computes the power flow and power losses for all equipment, including transformers and transmission lines taking into consideration the effects of off–nominal, tap and phase shift transformers, generators, shunt capacitors, sh

      The creation and characterization of laser-generated plasma are affected by laser irradiance, representing significant phenomena in many applications.  The present work studied the spectroscopy diagnostic of laser irradiance effect on Zn plasma features created in the air by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength (1064nm).  The major plasma parameters (electron temperature and electron density) have been measured using the Boltzmann plot and the Stark broadening methods.  The value of electrons temperature ranged from 6138–6067 K, and the electron density in the range of 1.4×10¹⁸ to 2×10¹⁸ cm^-3, for laser irradiance range from 2.1 to 4.8×10⁸ (W/cm²