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Economic policies and their ability to reform the investment climate Case Study Iraq after 2003
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The investment climate is the main engine of economic development. If an appropriate and attractive investment climate is created that takes into account economic, administrative, political and environmental issues, it will contribute to the development of industry, transfer of technology, diversification of agricultural production, increased productivity, the promotion of a green economy and support for sustainable and inclusive growth. Thus, analyzing the investment climate of a country can provide reasons and roots for the complexity of the problems in the economy. In the Iraqi economy, the problem has not been rooted in the economy, but the roots of the problem are deeper and inherent in the management of the economy. Investment in Iraq suffers from an irrational administration that has been reflected in complex imbalances in the Iraqi economy, thus creating an environment for expelling investment. In light of the foregoing, the research assumes that there are administrative, security, financial and monetary constraints, as well as the spread of corruption in all forms, which have hindered the expansion of the scope of investment and the diversity of its tracks due to its impact on the investment environment. The research has proved this hypothesis, in addition to improving the investment climate, depends on changing the overall methodology of administrative and economic policies, financial, monetary and how to coordinate with each other effectively. The research also found that the main reason for the poor management of the economy is the almost total absence of the pillars of good governance because of the negative factors that put pressure on it. And this led to the lack of a clear policy adopted by the government to improve the investment climate, national development plans have not been ratified by parliament and many of the strategies approved by the government lacked the appropriate mechanisms to implement them, therefore, the most important recommendation by the research is to instill and stabilize the basis of accountability rules, elements And their controls in the institutional environment, before any reform is initiated; in order to correct the course of macroeconomic management.

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
North and north-eastern wind and its impact on the racial temperature and humidity in Iraq
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The study area is witnessing divergence where I am North wind North East wind as we find that the north wind is getting replicated as we move from the south, The reason can be attributed to the nature of the surface of the region, with at least repeat this wind the northern region to the presence of mountain ranges, while we find that energizes the surface in the center and south helped to increase repeat this wind gusts, It also finds that the North wind East prevail in the northern region and least replicated as we move from the north to the south and to the fact that North stations are within blowing this wind sites for the circles near the display of high pressure located centers to the north-east, north and distancing itself from pa

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Gulf Economist
The Bayesian Estimation in Competing Risks Analysis for Discrete Survival Data under Dynamic Methodology with Application to Dialysis Patients in Basra/ Iraq
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Survival analysis is one of the types of data analysis that describes the time period until the occurrence of an event of interest such as death or other events of importance in determining what will happen to the phenomenon studied. There may be more than one endpoint for the event, in which case it is called Competing risks. The purpose of this research is to apply the dynamic approach in the analysis of discrete survival time in order to estimate the effect of covariates over time, as well as modeling the nonlinear relationship between the covariates and the discrete hazard function through the use of the multinomial logistic model and the multivariate Cox model. For the purpose of conducting the estimation process for both the discrete

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 10 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of various endodontic irrigants on the sealing ability of Biodentine and other root perforation repair materials (In vitro study)
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Background: This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various endodontic irrigants (sodium hypochlorite, ethylene diaminetetracetic acid and normal saline) on sealing ability of (Biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate, and amalgam) used to repair furcal perforations. Material and methods: One hundred and twenty extracted human molars with divergent roots were used in this study. A standard root canal access cavity was prepared in each tooth and furcal perforation was made and was standardized by using k file size 100 instrument to get a perforation of (1.32mm) in diameter .The teeth were randomly divided in to three groups of 40 teeth according to the type of material used to repair the perforations (Group A: The furcal

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 20 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Measurement and analysis of financial liberalization in Iraq
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Abstract :                                                                                                            

In light of the trend of the countries of t

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The feasibility of re-enacting the Export Support Fund Act in Iraq
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Economists agree upon the importance of exports and their positive impacts on the economic variables. Therefore، they studied policies encouraging exports and set out the instrumentalities supporting them. These instrumentalities included a combination of fiscal، monetary، commercial، production policies like the tax policy that is encouraging to the exports، exchange rates reduction، establishing commercial free zones، better production quality، fostering investment climate، and preparation of the necessary financing before the exporting process and afterwards.

This research is interested in the finding aspect amongst the instrumentalities encouraging exports which is parallel t

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimate the distribution parameters for the best rates of rainfall in Iraq
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This paper presents a statistical study for a suitable distribution of rainfall in the provinces of Iraq

 Using two types of distributions for the period (2005-2015). The researcher suggested log normal distribution, Mixed exponential distribution of each rovince were tested with the distributions to determine the optimal distribution of rainfall in Iraq. The distribution will be selected on the basis of minimum standards produced some goodness of fit  tests, which are to determine

Akaike (CAIC), Bayesian Akaike (BIC),  Akaike (AIC). It has been applied to distributions to find the right distribution of the data of rainfall in the provinces of Iraq was used (maximu

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 31 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Sustainable Investment In Architectural Heritage Buildings (Analytical Study Of Arabic Models)
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 Heritage is considered as the civilization and cultural wealth accumulated over the . centuries, whereas architectural heritage is the physical witness of that civilization. Despite the fact that architectural heritage is the most important effort for economic development of any communit,، it suffers from deterioration and neglection especially in the Arab communities. Recently awareness has increased about the importance of investing on architectural heritage generally and sustainable investment particularly. The goal of investment process in heritage areas is to revive economic activity in addition to attempt to revive the heritage and community values. Research aims to examine the relationship between sustainable investment and

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The relationship between oil revenues and financial sustainability in the Iraq analysis for the period (1990-2013)
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This study aimed to analyze and measure the relationship between oil revenues and financial sustainability in Iraq, the study used the stylistic approach inductive and deductive approach. Accompanied by the use of quantitative and analytical style, which was based on two variables oil revenues and net general budget on annual data covered the period (1990-2013). Among the most important findings of the study contain the time-series variables study on the root of the unit and is not stable in the general level, and become stable after the use of mathematical processors to gain access to a stable by taking the first difference of natural Ogartm of the series. The way (Johnson) to a long-term relationship between oil revenues and ne

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Development of Bridges Maintenance Management System based on Geographic Information System Techniques (Case study: AlMuthanna \ Iraq)
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A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computerized database management system for accumulating, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display spatial data. In general, GIS contains two broad categories of information, geo-referenced spatial data and attribute data. Geo-referenced spatial data define objects that have an orientation and relationship in two or three-dimensional space, while attribute data is qualitative data that can be counted for recording and analysis. The main aim of this research is to reveal the role of GIS technology in the enhancement of bridge maintenance management system components such as the output results, and make it more interpretable through dynamic colour coding and more sophisticated vi

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Identify Similarities and Differences between the IIA Standards and the Guide Work ofthe Internal Audit in Iraq
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This study aimed at an analytical comparison of the Internal Auditing Standards issued by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and the Guidance Manual for Audit Units issued by the Federal Audit Bureau to show the compatibility and differences between them and the possibility of applying the IIA standards to economic units in Iraq. The guideline was generally not covered by all the internal audit units. There is a lack of keeping pace with changes in internal auditing at the international level and there is a need to strengthen the Guideline on Internal Auditing Standards II A), which is characterized by the preparation of an internal document containing the objectives, powers and responsibilities of the internal audit work as well a

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