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jeasiq-1699
Public Bank Debt and Foreign reserve constraint in Iraq for the Period (2017-2004)
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Abstract

Public debt has posed a major challenge to both developing and developed countries, which has focused attention on the optimal limits (threshold of debt) and its determinants.

The study examines the effect of the Public bank debt on the foreign reserves and the work of the foreign reserve as a limitation on the process of bank debt (part of the internal debt) for the period (2017-2004), in addition to finding the type and nature of the relationship between them according to the hypotheses of the study, Public bank debt and foreign reserves.

The study was based on data from the Iraqi banking sector, which showed that Iraq has a foreign reserve in line with international standards, but maintains an excessive reserve. And that the Central Bank of Iraq cannot control the request or offer reserve, but he manages this reserve. It also shows Iraq's dependence on oil revenues in the sustainability of its debt, which means that increasing the oil resource works to sustain the public bank debt.

Non-bank institutions contributed to the internal debt process (the Department for the Care of Minors and the National Pensioners Authority), and the Central Bank of Iraq contributed to the process of bank debt, by discounting remittances in the secondary market only, with the sharp decline in oil prices during the years (2017,2016,2015) (32.6, 51.5 and 48.6) % respectively, which gave an outlet to finance the deficit or military spending, while bonds constituted a low ratio. The contribution of the Central Bank of Iraq in the process of banking debt, led to the depletion of foreign reserves, where the window maintained the sale of foreign currency almost the same amount, while central dollar purchases from the Ministry of Finance decreased, which is offset through the reserves, and thus drain.

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2019
Journal Name
المجلة العربية للعلوم التربوية والنفسية
الصحة النفسية وعلاقتها بتقدير الذات لدى عينة من أطفال الشوارع في مدينة بغداد
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Publication Date
Mon Nov 12 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
المساواة المساواة بين الرجل والمرأة في ضوء القرآن الكريم دراسة تفسيرية ـ موضوعية
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 04 2019
Journal Name
مجلة كلية التربية
جدلية الحركة والسكون والحرف والمقطع رصد وتأصيل لمفهوم المقطع في إيقاع الشعر العربي
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 04 2025
Journal Name
Lark Journal For Philosophy , Linguistics And Social Sciences
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Thu Dec 13 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2024
Journal Name
مجلة الدراسات المستدامة
المسؤولية المدنية الناشئة عن الاخلال بالالتزام بضمان سلامة الاشخاص في عقد التحاليل الطبية
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 26 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
استعمال نظام محاسبة المسؤولية في تقويم اداء مراكز الربح: بالشركة العامة للصناعات الجلدية
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Use the accounting system of responsibility in assessing the performance of the company profit centers of the leather industry Given the importance of the profit centers of the General Company for Leather Industries, where a circle of activity that is accountable responsible for them (the director) about what is happening with costs and achieve revenues other words, the profit center is the beginning of an independent company with revenues and costs contribute to achieving the objectives of the company as a whole, which is to achieve profits, which means the comprehensive work of the centers of the need to evaluate its performance permanent depending on the conversion rates of the Interior. It was relied on the company's production

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 03 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
نظام الكوتا النسوية بوصفه مدخلاً لبناء المجتمع العادل : دراسة في تمكين المرأة الكوردستانية
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Publication Date
Thu Nov 08 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
الاحوال الأحوال العامة للأندلسيين في غرناطة بعد انتهاء الحكم العربي الإسلامي دراسة تاريخية
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The harsh human suffering experienced by the Andalusians were a religious conflict and racist impact on all aspects of public life. The religious factor most important factors that determined the nature of the hostile relationship between the Andalusian and Castilian, Castile has sought to make them Christians by force through laws that deprived them of all their rights. In spite of the large number of those laws, the authority admitted inability to subdue the Andalusians to its will through the issuance of the final decree of expulsion.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 26 2023
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
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The basic goal of human creation is worship, the Almighty stated: { I created the jinn and mankind only to worship Me} Al-Dhariyat 56.  The basic worships by which we approach Allah Almighty are the praying and zakat, that they are significant because the praying  and zakat mostly come together in numerous Qur’anic verses. Being the praying is a Physical worship while zakat is a financial devotion, they have many educational effects explained by the writer Muhammad Darwaza in his interpretations of these two pillars of Islam that he has chosen them to be the subject of this research

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