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jeasiq-1630
The effectiveness of the Iraqi banking system in dealing with the effects of fiscal austerity policy
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Abstract:

    Under the state scenario, fiscal policy will not be able to use the oil surpluses optimally and economically and society, as long as these surpluses are not directed by public expenditure towards new productive investments and by following the path of fiscal policy after one year 2003 and until 2013 we note that it is based on the method of spending (excessive) consumption, and did not take any action towards the budget deficit planned at the beginning of the fiscal year, and the actual surplus at the end of the fiscal year, which represents the highest expenditure in the budget, Salaries and wages of workers in various government agencies with the expansion of spending on the security side. 

     However, during the period (2014-2016) the general budget suffered a severe deficit due to the decline in the prices of petroleum products, which led to a decline in oil revenues, which constitute the largest proportion of total public revenues, which led to the depletion of resources, which in turn led to a decline in public revenues, The unintended deficit in the general budget, which in turn imposed on the economic policies to look at different mechanisms to finance that deficit, and fiscal policy is one of the economic policies through which to find mechanisms to finance the fiscal deficit in Iraq.

      As for the monetary policy measures, after the Central Bank obtained its independence, the central government's foreign currency resources separated from the foreign reserves of the Central Bank of Iraq. Accordingly, the Central Bank is no longer the source of the new monetary issue through which the central government funds the budget deficit as in the previous era, The central bank's relationship with the government has defined articles (24 and 25) as a framework for consultation, coordination, exchange of information and attendance at government meetings related to its activities, hence the role of monetary policy in financing the budget deficit through different mechanisms.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
User (K-Means) for clustering in Data Mining with application
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  The great scientific progress has led to widespread Information as information accumulates in large databases is important in trying to revise and compile this vast amount of data and, where its purpose to extract hidden information or classified data under their relations with each other in order to take advantage of them for technical purposes.

      And work with data mining (DM) is appropriate in this area because of the importance of research in the (K-Means) algorithm for clustering data in fact applied with effect can be observed in variables by changing the sample size (n) and the number of clusters (K)

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Crystallization Process as a Final Part of Zero Liquid Discharge System for Treatment of East Baghdad Oilfield Produced Water
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This study investigated the application of the crystallization process for oilfield produced water from the East Baghdad oilfield affiliated to the Midland Oil Company (Iraq). Zero liquid discharge system (ZLD) consists of several parts such as oil skimming, coagulation/flocculation, forward osmosis, and crystallization, the crystallization process is a final part of a zero liquid discharge system. The laboratory-scale simple evaporation system was used to evaluate the performance of the crystallization process. In this work, sodium chloride solution and East Baghdad oilfield produced water were used as a feed solution with a concentration of 177 and 220 g/l. The impact of temperature (70, 80, and 90 °C), mixing speed (300, 400, and 500 rp

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Crystallization Process as a Final Part of Zero Liquid Discharge System for Treatment of East Baghdad Oilfield Produced Water
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This study investigated the application of the crystallization process for oilfield produced water from the East Baghdad oilfield affiliated to the Midland Oil Company (Iraq). Zero liquid discharge system (ZLD) consists of several parts such as oil skimming, coagulation/flocculation, forward osmosis, and crystallization, the crystallization process is a final part of a zero liquid discharge system. The laboratory-scale simple evaporation system was used to evaluate the performance of the crystallization process. In this work, sodium chloride solution and East Baghdad oilfield produced water were used as a feed solution with a concentration of 177 and 220 g/l. The impact of temperature (70, 80, and 90 °C), mixing speed (300, 400, and 500

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Implementation of an Automatic Control for Two Axis Tracking System for Applications of Concentrated Solar Thermal Power
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The present work presents design and implementation of an automated two-axis solar tracking system using local materials with minimum cost, light weight and reliable structure. The tracking system consists of two parts, mechanical units (fixed and moving parts) and control units (four LDR sensors and Arduino UNO microcontroller to control two DC servomotors). The tracking system was fitted and assembled together with a parabolic trough solar concentrator (PTSC) system to move it according to information come from the sensors so as to keep the PTSC always perpendicular to sun rays. The experimental tests have been done on the PTSC system to investigate its thermal performance in two cases, with tracking system (case 1) and without trackin

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 18 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Optical Communications
Theoretical investigation of multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique for line of sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communications system
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Abstract<p>In this paper, a theoretical investigation was suggested to study underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system based on multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique. The modulation schemes such as RZ-OOK, NRZ-OOK, 32-PPM and 4-QAM applied under different coastal water types. MIMO technique enabled the system to transmit data rate with longer distance link. The performance of the proposed system examined by BER and data rate as a metrics. Several impairments such as the types of water by the attenuation of coastal water and the distance link were taken into account for the transmission of the optical signal to appreciate the reliability of the MIMO technique. The theore</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 25 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Prediction of Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficients in Stirred Bioreactor with Rushton Turbine Impeller for Simulated (Non-Microbial) Medias
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 Abstract

The study of oxygen mass transfer was conducted in a laboratory scale 5 liter stirred bioreactor equipped with one Rushton turbine impeller. The effects of superficial gas velocity, impeller speed, power input and liquid viscosity on the oxygen mass transfer were considered. Air/ water and air/CMC systems were used as a liquid media for this study. The concentration of CMC was ranging from 0.5 to 3 w/v. The experimental results show that volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient increases with the increase in the superficial gas velocity and impeller speed and decreases with increasing liquid viscosity. The experimental results of kla were correlated with a mathematical correlation des

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 16 2019
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Exposition of University Youth to Television Advertising and its Reflection on the Development of their Cognitive Abilities A survey of students (College of Media / University of Baghdad) as ample
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This research is aimed at identifying the communicative habits and the impact of the content on the communicative process, especially the youth audience, which is one of the most important categories to which the advertisement is directed, as young people face life with passion and aspiration that make then responsive to all the influences used by the media in designing advertisements which use all the techniques and methocls to attract young people, such as relying on drama , artistic tricks, musical phrases and advertising slogans that respond to the desire of young people in entertainment.
The research aims to identify the reflection of television advertising and its impact on the development of the cognitive abilities of universi

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Measuring and Analysis of Demand Function on Oil derivatives of A Selected countries the Period 1985- 2008
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The subject of demand on oil derivative has occupied an important position at present time in the daily life context. The fuel of benzene and gas oil and kerosene is one of basic elements of that concern, and on local , regional and international levels. The oil derivatives have played a leading role in determining the course and nature of development since early 1970 to the present time whether in the productive Arab countries or the importing. The researcher set out from the hypothesis that the increase of the local consumer demand on some of the oil derivatives is because of the internal and external factors accompanied by the inability of the productive capability and local production to confront this increase, and the resort

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The role of salt stress on laboratory cultivation of green macroalga Enteromorpha compressa and its antioxidant activity
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Cultivation of the green seaweed Enteromorpha compressa was performed under natural laboratory spring environmental conditions of temperature, light intensity and photoperiod to study the salinity tolerance of this intertidal green macroalga. Cultivation was carried out under artificial seawater (ASW) of different concentrations (18, 35, 53 and 106 g/l sea salt) compared to the control using natural seawater (NSW). Growth rate and pigment content of the cultivated alga were recorded at regular intervals during the experimental duration. Antioxidant activity of the crude ethanolic extract and its fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone) was performed against DPPH radical scavenging assay and compared to

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Shapes as an Alternative to the Word in Designing Textbooks: سحر علي سرحان-منى محمد غلام
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Shapes have differed in terms of their temporality, tools, technical variations, aesthetic functions and dimensions. The beginnings started with manual primitive techniques that have played an a significant artistic role in the ancient civilizations, then developed with the technological development and the digital technologies that encompassed various programs and specialist means in the graphic design, so that its visual outputs in the textbook that is considered a communication means that has an effect and attracts the recipient. That is what made the researcher search and investigate this topic describing the research problem as follows: What are the shapes as alternatives to the words in the design of the textbook? The research obje

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