The concept of deficit in public budget becomes a chronic economic phenomenon in most of the world, whether the advanced countries or developing countries. Despite the difference in the visions of the economic schools to accept or reject the deficit in public budget but the opinion that prevailed is the necessity of the state to reduce the public spending which led to a continuous deficits in the public budget which consequently increased the government borrowing ,increase income taxes and wealth, consequently this weakened the in motivation in private investment which contributed to the increase of in factionary stagnation , so that governments have to cover the lack of local funding sources which become difficult to be equal to increase and continue in public spending ,hauling problem funding from the main problems faced by state developing especially lraq ,what forced to the direction to the loans external which are often conditioned conditions by political and economic complicated ,hence it has focused find the estimation and analysis of relationship between the deficit in budget public and external debt by duration (1990-2016) as a result of the difficult circumstances experienced by lraq during the period ,the balance was the balance has been exhausted highest level of the study of disability as a result of the continuous increase in public spending ,which resulted in an increase in external debt as a source of funding this deficit ,and in the framework of rating this relationship has reached researcher to the presence of relationship equilibrium long –term between the deficit in budget public and external debt.
The rise of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing has highlighted the importance of utilizing intelligent manufacturing techniques, tools, and methods, including predictive maintenance. This feature allows for the early identification of potential issues with machinery, preventing them from reaching critical stages. This paper proposes an intelligent predictive maintenance system for industrial equipment monitoring. The system integrates Industrial IoT, MQTT messaging and machine learning algorithms. Vibration, current and temperature sensors collect real-time data from electrical motors which is analyzed using five ML models to detect anomalies and predict failures, enabling proactive maintenance. The MQTT protocol is used for efficient com
... Show MoreThe growing use of tele
This paper presents a new secret diffusion scheme called Round Key Permutation (RKP) based on the nonlinear, dynamic and pseudorandom permutation for encrypting images by block, since images are considered particular data because of their size and their information, which are two-dimensional nature and characterized by high redundancy and strong correlation. Firstly, the permutation table is calculated according to the master key and sub-keys. Secondly, scrambling pixels for each block to be encrypted will be done according the permutation table. Thereafter the AES encryption algorithm is used in the proposed cryptosystem by replacing the linear permutation of ShiftRows step with the nonlinear and secret pe
... Show MoreThe goal of this article is to construct fibrewise w-compact (resp. locally w-compact) spaces. Some related results and properties of these concepts will be investigated. Furthermore, we investigate various relationships between these concepts and three classes of fibrewise w-separation axioms.
Carbon fibre reinforced polymers are widely used to strengthen steel structural elements. These structural elements are normally subjected to static, dynamic and fatigue loadings during their life-time. A number of studies have focused on the characteristics of CFRP sheets bonded to steel members under static, dynamic and fatigue loadings. However, there is a gap in understanding the bonding behaviour between CFRP laminates and steel members under impact loading. This paper shows the effect of different load rates from quasi-static to 300 × 103 mm/min on this bond. Two types of CFRP laminate, CFK 150/2000 and CFK 200/2000, were used to strengthen steel joints using Araldite 420 epoxy. The results show a significant bond strength enhancemen
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