Abstract The study aimed at demonstrating the reality of sectarian coexistence in Iraq, which was characterized by the tolerance and coercion caused by the successive government policies to govern Iraq and to this day. The study was based on the hypothesis that coexistence between Islamic sects in Iraq can be achieved as long as there are strong bonds linking its components, and these bonds can produce coexistence between the sects based on peace. The study concluded that the hypothesis is correct, in addition to drawing a set of observations aimed at identifying weaknesses for advancing them through the adoption of mechanisms that address these weaknesses to yield towards a genuine peaceful coexistence among Islamic sects in Iraq.

This paper compares between the direct and indirect georeferencing techniques in Photogrammetry bases on a simulation model. A flight plan is designed which consists of three strips with nine overlapped images for each strip by a (Canon 500D) digital camera with a resolution of 15 Mega Pixels.

The triangulation computations are carried out by using (ERDAS LPS) software, and the direct measurements are taken directly on the simulated model to substitute using GPS/INS in real case. Two computational tests have been implemented to evaluate the positional accuracy for the whole model and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) relating to (30) check points show that th

Physical model tests were simulated non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) spill in two-dimensional
domain above the water table. Four laboratory experiments were carried out in the sand-filled
tank. The evolution of the plume was observed through the transparent side of this tank and the
contaminant front was traced at appropriate intervals. The materials used in these experiments
were Al-Najaf sand as a porous medium and kerosene as contaminant.
The results of the experiments showed that after kerosene spreading comes to a halt (ceased) in
the homogeneous sand, the bulk of this contaminant is contained within a pancake-shaped lens
situated on top of the capillary fringe.

In this paper, an eco-epidemiological model with media coverage effects is established and studied. An -type of disease in predator is considered.  All the properties of the solution of the proposed model are discussed. An application to the stability theory was carried out to investigate the local as well as global stability of the system. The persistence conditions of the model are determined. The occurrence of local bifurcation in the model is studied. Further investigation of the global dynamics of the model is achieved through using a numerical simulation.

in this paper, we study and investigate a simple donor-acceptor model for charge transfer formation using a quantum transition theory. The transfer parameters which enhanced the charge transfer and the rate of the charge transfer have been calculated. Then, we study the net charge transfer through interface of Cu/F8 contact devices and evaluate all transfer coefficients. The charge transfer rate of transfer processes is found to be dominated in the low orientation free energy and increased a little in decreased potential at interface comparison to the high potential at interface. The increased transition energy results in increasing the orientation of Cu to F8. The transfer in the system was more active when the system has large driving for