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قياس وتحليل الصدمات النقدية في الاقتصاد العراقي للفترة 1980-2005 دراسة قياسية
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تعرض الاقتصاد العراقي إلى صدمات نقدية شديدة بسبب الظروف السياسية والاقتصادية غير المستقرة والمتمثلة بشكل أساسي لخوض العراق حرب طويلة الأمد مع إيران في الثمانينات وحربين مدمرتين مع الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية فضلاً عن فرض الحصار الاقتصادي طيلة ثلاثة عشر عاما ً .

وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى قياس وتحليل الصدمات النقدية التي تعرض لها الاقتصاد العراقي في فترة الثمانينات والتسعينات وبداية هذا القرن وبيان آثارها وسبل مواجهتها .

وأظهرت الدراسة أنَّ محاولة تثبيت سعر الصرف سواء من خلال إتباع سياسة سعر الصرف الثابت كما هو الحال في الثمانينات أو سياسة سعر الصرف المدار من قبل البنك المركزي (كما هو الحال بعد عام 2003) لا يساعد على امتصاص الصدمات النقدية، وبالمقابل إن َّ إتباع سعر الصرف المعوم أو المرن كما حصل بشكل أساسي في التسعينات ساعد الاقتصاد العراقي في امتصاص الصدمات النقدية بالرغم من الإصدار النقدي غير المنضبط خلال تلك الفترة .

كما ساعد في انتشار ظاهرة الدولرة في الاقتصاد العراقي في امتصاص الصدمات النقدية من خلال تحوط الأفراد واحتفاظهم بالعملة الأجنبية وجعلها كمخزن للقيمة بدلا من العملة المحلية،  إذ أظهرت الدراسة  توجه الطلب على النقود نحو إحلال النقود الأجنبية الدولار بدلا ً عن العملة المحلية الدينار .

وأكدت نتائج النموذج القياسي أنَّ هناك  علاقة عكسية بين الطلب الحقيقي على النقود وبين سعر الصرف وعلاقة طردية بين الطلب على النقود وبين الناتج المحلي الإجمالي  مما يدعم  النظرية الاقتصادية والمنطق الاقتصادي

وقدم الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: إن َّ سياسة سعر الصرف   المدار من قبل البنك المركزي العراقي والمتبعة حاليا ً ينبغي أن يرافق تثبيت أسعار الصرف معدل نمو ثابت في عرض النقد؛ لكبح معدلات التضخم للمساهمة في استقرار الاقتصاد العراقي وعزله عن الصدمات النقدية. كذلك ضرورة العمل على استقلالية البنك المركزي؛ ليأخذ دورة في رسم السياسة النقدية بعيدا ً عن تدخلات الحكومة، فضلا ً عن العمل بشكل جدي على تنويع سلة العملات الصعبة، وتكوين احتياطات من اليورو والين والجنيه الإسترليني، لمقابلة أي تغيرات نقدية عالمية في المستقبل المنظور وعدم البقاء رهينة للدولار الأمريكي .

                                           

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 23 2023
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
رحلة الحاج الموريسكي بوي مونثون من إسبانيا إلى مكة المكرمة بعد تسليم مملكة غرناطة 897هـ - 1492م، دراسة في مضامين الرحلة "نماذج مختارة" دراسة في مضامين الرّحلة "نماذج مختارة"
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Day after day, Morsek literature 879-1018/1492-1609proves the completion of all literary branches starting from poetry with its different purposes to include prose with its various subjects. In 2016, a complete text of ‘the literature of Morsek journeys

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Effect of applying the CAMEL model to profitability of banks )An applied study on a number of Iraqi banks for the period 2010-2016(
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The evaluation of banks plays an important role in maintaining the interests of customers with the bank as well as providing continuous supervision and control by the Central Bank. The Central Bank of Iraq conducted an assessment of the Iraqi banks through the implementation of the CAMEL model during a certain period. This evaluation did not continue. The research provides continuity to the Central Bank's assessment and as a step to continue the evaluation process for all banks through the use of the CAMEL model. ROA and ROE by using the regression model for four Iraqi banks registered in the Iraqi market for securities during the period 2010-2016. The results showed that the capital and profitability indicators have a significan

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Distribution of Municipal Services and Some Factors Affecting Them (A survey in a sample of districts from Rushed municipal in Baghdad)
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s The study aims to identify the fairness in the distribution of municipal services between  municipal districts and areas, from point of view  of municipal chamber staff and from the point of view of the citizen. It also aims to identify factors affecting the fairness of the distribution of municipal services. Municipal services were being studied : hygiene and waste, water supply, sewer, creating gardens,  and street paving .Factors which  examined its impact on municipal services are: resources available to municipal chamber, the managerial  process at municipal chamber,  and factors in the external environment surrounding  municipal chamber.The results of the study showed that level of the e

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Las preposiciones en español: Estudio analítico de "Por" y "Para"
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Resumen

                       Este trabajo de investigación ofrece uno de los temas relevantes en la lengua, el cual es estudiar las dimensiones sintácticas, semánticas y pragmáticas de las preposiciones, en general, y de las dos preposiciones "Para" y  "Por" en concreto, en una unidad linguística más amplia que la llamada "Oración". En la parte  referida al  estudio de las dos preposiciones mencionadas,  estudiamos sus distntos usos funcionales, usos que se acercan, unas veces,  entre sí  y  se alejan en otras. 

Abstract    

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
IRAQ TELEVISION AND THE PROBLEM OF EMERGENCY PROGRAMS : (An Analytical Study of Emergency Programs in Iraq TV)
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The success of any media work in our contemporary life is based on proper planning. Television in Iraq is like any media outlet that adopts clear planning and programming in order to achieve the goals set in the news, entertainment, education. Iraq TV relies on four programming plans in one year (short term), but we often receive central instructions directly from the Minister of Information ordering to cancel the program plan and what was scheduled for broadcast to be finally replaced by alternative or emergency program associated with an incident, occasion or important news, these programs are all called (emergency programs).

In this present research we will be dealing with these programs as well as the extent of their impact o

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 29 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Popular Mobilization and human security In Local Society
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The definition of the role of any institution in society is achieved through its objectives, The same is true for the military and how to deal with security threats in the humanitarian field ,Terrorism, which has almost replaced the traditional pattern of war, has waged a street war and intimidated individuals, families and society ,On the other hand, he found someone to meet him from a popular crowd of volunteers to defend their homeland from different sects, sects and religions,  Thus, our study will be exposed to the role of popular mobilization in human security from a sociological point of view in Samarra, a field study of 100 male and female respondents.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 24 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Over the awareness of managers strategic importance of vigilance: "Exploratory study in the National Insurance Company"
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The rapid reality of events in the information era, and the enormous pressure of forces market, competition, permanent movement of the markets and consumers and the large development unprecedented of technology in all areas make a lot of organizations find it difficult to keep up with this rapid developments .Here was the role of strategic vigilance closer organization to their environment ,and play an active role in providing the necessary information to make decisions and insurance companies are not far from those changes .On this basis the researcher offered studied(Over the awareness of managers of insurance companies for strategic vigilance).Choosing sample of 35 managers in the National Insurance Company to test th

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
האלמנטים המשותפים בשיריהם של משה בן עזרא ואבו פיראס אלחמדני (מחקר השוואתי) Elements common in the poems of Musa son of Izra and Abu Firas al-Hamdani (A comparative study)
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Abstract:

     Musa son of Yaqoob son of Izra, the Spanish poet, linguist, and  philosopher, was born in Granada. He has many poems representing  types of poetry. Also, he had important books, such as "the Poetry of Israel" and "Contemplative Research". He is knowledgeable in both Hebrew and Arabic, because most of his books were written in Arabic and the then translated to Hebrew. It seemed that he was influenced by Arab poets, specifically Abo Firas, and borrowed many issues, such as comparison, repetition, exaggeration, etc. and included them in his poetry.

     All know that Arabic literature clearly influenced Hebrew literature in the Spanish era. Ara

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Topics and political frameworks for the news of the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs on its website: an analytical study
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This is a descriptive study that used the survey method, it’s aimed to identify the topics and frameworks of diplomatic and political issues covered by the news of the website of the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs, through the content analysis method applied on a sample selected in a systematic random manner for news published in the year 2021. The sample included (191) news equivalent to (20%) of the total study population of (942). The study reached some results, the most important of which were as follows: The political issue, in its general sense, grabbed the most prominent attention among the various issues and events focused on by Iraqi diplomacy: "international cooperation", "bilateral cooperation", and then "regional politic

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Relationship of social costs to the institution and society: Study in Al-Furat General Chemical Industries Company
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This research aims to study the contribution of social costs contribution to achieving social luxury in Al-Furat General Chemical Industries company that has considered second largest contamination in the area after the invasive power  to deal with chemicals in manufacturing and very dangerous to individual society and environment ,this is first to play an effective role by the senior parties related to sense of social responsibility of the internal and external environment of the company to identify costs that are preventing ,reduced and treating damage caused and achieving sustainable development ,to achieve this goal  and what they reached are the difficulty of accounting for the environment and social costs from final accou

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