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تقدير مصفوفة الحسابات القومية وتحديثها بإستخدام طريقة (C.E) دراسة مقارنة بين الطرق المستخدمة
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ليس جديداً القول بان هناك حاجة مستمرة ومتزايدة لاستخدام البيانات الاقتصادية المتسقة عن القطاعات المختلفة في الاقتصاد القومي لدعم وإسناد عملية التحليل الاقتصادي وتطوير النماذج الاقتصادية الكلية.

وتعرض مصفوفة الحسابات القومية Social Accounting Matrix  (SAM) اطاراً شاملاً من المعلومات الأساسية لهذا النوع من النماذج والتحليل. فهي تتضمن كلا من المستخدم- المنتج
(جداول المدخلات- المخرجات) وحسابات الناتج والدخل القومي في اطار متناسق.

وبينما يتم اعداد جداول المستخدم – المنتج عادة مرة واحدة كل خمس سنوات او شيء من هذا القبيل، فان حسابات الناتج والدخل القومي تعد سنوياً وبتباطؤ زمني، أي لفترة زمنية سابقة. اما تحديث مصفوفة حسابات قومية لفترة لاحقة، فأنها لا تعد مسالة صعبة فحسب، وإنما تعد  مسالة تحدي.

ولتركيب مصفوفة حسابات قومية موسعة قابلة للتحليل الاقتصادي, فان البيانات المطلوبة هي من السعة بحيث يصعب توفيرها، وعند ذلك ينبغي ان تستكمل بواسطة معلومات اضافية ومن مصادر مختلفة، مثل الاحصاءات الصناعية، مسوحات العمل، البيانات الزراعية، الحسابات الحكومية، حسابات التجارة الخارجية، ومسوحات الاسر وغيرها. اما المشكلة الرئيسية في تحديث مصفوفة الحسابات القومية فانها تكمن في أيجاد طريقة كفوءة وقليلة الكلفة لدمج المعلومات المستحصلة من تلك المصادر والتوفيق بينها، بضمنها البيانات المستقاة من سنين سابقة.

ان الطريقة التقليدية لبناء مصفوفة حسابات قومية حديثة متماسكة ومتسقة، هي البدء من مصفوفة حسابات لسنة اساس معينة سابقة، ثم تحديثها لفترة لاحقة من خلال ادخال معلومات جديدة عن مجاميع الصفوف والاعمدة، لتلك المصفوفة مع بقاء المعلومات حول التدفقات الداخلية التي تتضمنها الـ ( SAM) ثابتة، وغالبا ما يتم البدء من مصفوفة حسابات غير متسقة ومعلومات غير متكاملة عن مجاميع الصفوف والاعمدة والتدفقات المختلفة في الـ (SAM).

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2018
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
(رسالة مؤلفة في كلام الله تعالى) لملا عبد الرحمن البينجويني (1250-1319هـ): دراسة وتحقيق
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ملخـــص البحــــث

هذا البحث عبارة عن تحقيق لمخطوط في علم الكلام, وعنوان المخطوط هو: (رسالة مؤلفة في كلام الله تعالى), وهذه الرسالة من تأليفات أحد أكابر العلماء في عصره, وهو العلامة ملا عبد الرحمن البنجويني (1319هـ). قام الباحث بإخراج النص بالاعتماد على ثلاث نسخ خطية للرسالة, كما قام بدراسة حياة المؤلف, وموضوع الرسالة.

والموضوع الذي تناولته الرسالة هو مسألة كلام الله تعالى, وهي إحدى

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Publication Date
Mon May 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
APPLICATION OF TQM REQUIREMENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE INTERNAL CUSTOMER/ COMPARATIVE STUDY.: APPLICATION OF TQM REQUIREMENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE INTERNAL CUSTOMER/ COMPARATIVE STUDY.
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This study aims to Statement of the relationship between Total Quality Management philosophy and Organizational performance from the point of view of the internal customer. A comparison has been made between two companies, one of which applies the requirements of TQM well and the other does not apply these requirements as the (General Company for Electrical Industries/ Diyala) and (General Company for Electrical Industries/ Baghdad) to conduct the search, During the questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to a sample of 30 employees in the General Company for Electric Industries/ Diyala and (20) employees of the General Company for Electrical Industries/ Baghdad. Their answers were analyzed using a simple correlation coef

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparative Study for the Early Detection of the most Important Factors Leading to Preeclampsia
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The aim of this research is to determine the most important and main factors that lead to Preeclampsia. It is also about finding suitable solutions to eradicate these factors and avoid them in order to prevent getting Preeclampsia. To achieve this, a case study sample of (40) patients from Medical City - Oncology Teaching Hospital was used to collect data by a questionnaire which contained (17) reasons to be investigated. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to compare the results of the data analysis through two methods (Radial Bases Function Network) and (Factorial Analysis). Important results were obtained, the two methods determined the same factors that could represent the direct reason which causes Preecla

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 07 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Gingival Enlargement Management using Diode Laser 940 nm and Conventional Scalpel Technique (A Comparative Study)
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Diode lasers are becoming popular in periodontal surgery due to their highly absorption by pigments such as melanin and hemoglobin their weak absorption by water and hydroxyapatite makes them safe to be used around dental hard tissues. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of diode laser in performing gingivectomy in comparison to conventional scalpel technique in patients with chronic inflammatory enlargement. Materials and methods: Thirty patients were selected for this study. All of them required surgical treatment of gingival enlargements and were randomly divided into two groups: Control group (treated by scalpel and include sixteen patients) and study group (treated with diode laser 940nm and includ

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 18 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Comparative Study of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements Concentration in Milk Samples Consumed in Iraq
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The measurements of major and trace elements in different brands of milk powder selected from the Iraqis market via the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Technique have been studied in the present work. The result of the measurements reveals the high concentrations of sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Furthermore, low concentrations of aluminum, silicon, iron, bromine, molybdenum, iodine, barium, titanium, manganese, cobalt, chrome, nickel, copper, zinc and lead were detected. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) and Kjeldahl technique were also employed to determine the concentrations of nitrogen. It was found that the nitrogen concentration was in the range of (1.96 - 3.23) % which is within the permissible li

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of students' knowledge about environmental health in College of Health and Medical Technology: A Cross-Sectional study
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Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the level of students' knowledge about the environmental health.
Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Health and Medical Technology in Baghdad
city during the period from 1st march till 1st of July 2012. Data was collected by self-recording of a previously designed
questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic information such as (age, gender, department, year of grade).
Results: The highest rate of students were in the 2nd year followed by the 3rd year, highest rate of students had low
level of knowledge followed by intermediate level of knowledge, while lowest rate of students on had high level of
knowledge .Females had higher level of know

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Use of lower squares and restricted boxes In the estimation of the first-order self-regression parameter AR (1) (simulation study)
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Use of lower squares and restricted boxes
In the estimation of the first-order self-regression parameter
AR (1) (simulation study)

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Performance Assessment of Solar-Transformer-Consumption System Using Neural Network Approach
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Solar energy is one of the immeasurable renewable energy in power generation for a green, clean and healthier environment. The silicon-layer solar panels absorb sun energy and converts it into electricity by off-grid inverter. Electricity is transferred either from this inverter or from transformer, consumed by consumption unit(s) available for residential or economic purposes. The artificial neural network is the foundation of artificial intelligence and solves many complex problems which are difficult by statistical methods or by humans. In view of this, the purpose of this work is to assess the performance of the Solar - Transformer - Consumption (STC) system. The system may be in complete breakdown situation due to failure of both so

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Impact of Adequacy and Authoritative Evidences in the Audit Risks: An Exploratory Research for A Sample Views of Auditors in Iraq
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The Audit evedances represent the reconciliation tools between the Financial data shown on financial statements, and the level of satisfaction level of the Auditor about these statements. According that, the Auditor try to achieve the highest quantity of These evidances, and the most satisfactive of it…, but that will be so hard sometimes, when the internal controlling system is not good, and when the Auditor had some satisfied evidences, but not sharp… So, this research comes to inspect the relation between the quantity, and the level of satisfaction, and argument to prove that evidences gives. This research assumes that getting enough evidences leads to reduce faults, improves the auditing operation, and avoids risks. The research

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 18 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The A Comparative Study of the Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution on Rice Husk and Charcoal
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            In this work, the adsorption of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution on charcoal and rice husk has been investigated, where the impact of variable factors (contact time; the dosage of adsorbent, pH, temperature, and ionic strength) have been studied. It has been found that charcoal and rice husk have an appropriate adsorption limit with regards to the expulsion of crystal violet dye from fluid arrangements. The harmony adsorption is for all intents and purposes accomplished in 45 min for charcoal and 60 min for rice husk. The amount of crystal violet dye adsorbed (0.4 g of charcoal and 0.5 g of rice husk) increased with an increasing pH and the value of 11 is the best

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