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أتجاهات مقارنة في تنظيم الادارة المحلية دراسة تحليلية
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ليست الادارة المحلية أو نظام الحكم المحلي ابتكاراُ حديثاً للانسان، بل أنه لازم البشرية منذ أقدم العصور وحتى الآن، إذ الملاجظ أن القرى الصغيرة نشأت قبل أن تنشئ الدولة أو قيل أن يتبلور مفهوم الدولة في الوقت الحاضر وكانت القرى والمدن تجتمع بين حين وأخر- اجتماع أفرادها- لادارة شؤونهم وحل مشاكلهم، وكان هذا خير دليل لتطبيق مفهوم الديمقراطية المباشرة بين أفراد المجتمع الواحد، ولذلك فإن الحكم المحلي يعد الأصل أو المنبع الذي استحدثت منه الدول الحديثة النظام بل والتفكير الديمقراطي ومبدأ السيادة الشعبية بمفهومها الحديث، بل والملاحظ أن هذه الدول أخذت منه أساس وجودها ونشأتها وحدود وظيفتها التي قامت من أجلها.

ويؤكد العديد من الكتاب بأن الإدارة المحلية خير تطبيق لما يسمى بمبدأ الديمقراطية في الادارة على اعتبار أنه التعبير السليم عن نظام متحرر من الناحيتين السياسية والإدارية، كما وأنه نظام يضمن الحريات ويتفق مع المبدأ الديمقراطي الذي يستلزم مشاركة المواطنين أو ممثليهم في أمورهم وحل مشاكلهم، إضافة الى أن وجود المجالس المحلية المنتخبة التي تشبه الى حد كبير وجود البرلمان أو مجلس الأمة في العاصمة، والذي يمثل جميع الأقاليم في الدولة.وأن وجودها(البرلمان والمجلس المحلي) في الدولة يستهدفان غاية واحدة تلك هي تنظيم حياة المواطنين جميعاً على نحو يحقق لهم أكبر قسط من الحرية والرفاهية الاقتصادية والتقدم الاجتماعي والسياسي.

ويتناول هذا البحث موضوع تنظيم أساليب الإدارة المحلية في بعض دول العالم المختلفة، والتي أكدت جميعها على ضرورة وجود هيئات محلية تنظم شؤون وحياة المواطنين، وإذا كان وجود هيئة محلية منتخبة تمثل هؤلاء السكان فإن من الضروري دراسة هذه الهيئة باعتبارها اللولب المحرك والدافع الأساس في نظام الادارة المحلية فإن هناك أساليب عديدة نظمت كيفية اختيار هذه الهيئة ووظائفها وعلاقتها بالسلطة المركزية، ولذلك يتضمن هذا البحث دراسة المواضيع الاتية: الادارة المحلية والحكم المحلي، اساليب تنظيم الادارة المحلية، واتجاهات هذا التنظيم واساليبه المختلفة، واوجه النشابه والاختلاف بين هيئات الحكومة المركزية والادارة المحلية، واخيرا الاستنتاجات والتوصيات.

أما إذا كان الأمر متعلق بتحديد طبيعة نظام الإدارة المحلية، فإن هناك من يعتقد بوجود اختلاف بين الهيئات المركزية والهيئات المتواجدة على الصعيد المحلي . كما ويعتقد العديد من الباحثين بضمنهم الباحث بان هناك اكثر من تشابه بين هيئات الحكومة المركزية و هيئات الادارة المحلية، بحيث توصل الباحث الى تحديد هذا التشابه وإذا ما وجد اختلاف بينهما فإنه يتعلق بالدرجة وليس بالجوهر.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Las preposiciones en español: Estudio analítico de "Por" y "Para"
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Resumen

                       Este trabajo de investigación ofrece uno de los temas relevantes en la lengua, el cual es estudiar las dimensiones sintácticas, semánticas y pragmáticas de las preposiciones, en general, y de las dos preposiciones "Para" y  "Por" en concreto, en una unidad linguística más amplia que la llamada "Oración". En la parte  referida al  estudio de las dos preposiciones mencionadas,  estudiamos sus distntos usos funcionales, usos que se acercan, unas veces,  entre sí  y  se alejan en otras. 

Abstract    

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Topics and political frameworks for the news of the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs on its website: an analytical study
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Sat Dec 30 2023
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Sun Jan 01 2017
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Sun Dec 01 2019
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Tue Jun 15 2021
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Features of Modernity in the Works of Saleh Al-Jami (An Analytical Study): رؤى قحطان عبد الله
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Publication Date
Thu Feb 04 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Study in the procedural provisions of the action consumption incidents A comparative study Under Iraqi Consumer Protection Act No. 1 of 2010.: Study in the procedural provisions of the action consumption incidents A comparative study Under Iraqi Consumer Protection Act No. 1 of 2010.
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Tue Mar 30 2021
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The effect of gender diversity of board directors and accounting conservatism on firm value
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