- المقدمهIntroduction    

الخيارات أحدى الأدوات المالية المشتقة التي تشتق قيمتها من قيمة الموجود الأساسي
Underlying Asset، وقد يكون الموجود الأساسي سهما عاديا أو مؤشر أسهم أو عقد مستقبلية سلع أو عقد مستقبلية على أوراق المديونية . وبالرغم من أن الدلائل تشير إلى أن التعامل بالخيارات يعود إلى أوائل القرن السادس العشر الميلادي آلا انه ونتيجة للعديد من الابتكارات التنظيمية  Organizational Innovations في آلية تداول الخيارات والتي ادخلها مجلس سوق شيكاغو للخيارات  (Chicago Board of Option Exchange ,CBOE) في عام 1973 والتي تزامنت مع افتتاح أول سوق منظم للخيارات, فقد شهد التعامل بالخيارات نموا انفجاريا    Explosive  Growth منذ ذلك الحين. وقد جسد نجاح الخيارات كأدوات مالية حديثه افتتاح الكثير من أسواق الخيارات حول العالم .

ويعد تغيير التوزيع الاحتمالي Probability Distribution لعوائد الاستثمار بالأسهم العادية واحدة من أهم مزايا التعامل بالخيارات فضلا عن توفيرها مجموعة كبيرة ومتنوعة من الفرص المتاحة أمام المستثمرين وأتاحة توافيق  Combinationsمن العائد و المخاطرة لم يكن وجودها ممكنا بدون الخيارات.أن هذه الميزة المهمة هي التي حدت بالباحثين لاختبار إمكانية تخفيض مخاطرة الأسهم العادية التي باتت السمة البارزة للاستثمار بالأسهم العادية في معظم الأسواق المالية .

وتعد الخيارات من الموضوعات التي نالت ومازالت أهتماما كبيرا على المستويين الأكاديمي والمهني وأن هذا الاهتمام المتزايد نابع من المتحوطين Hedgers والمضاربين. ونظرا لعدم تداولها في أسواق المال العربية عموما ولحداثة وتعدد مفاهيمها  فان أي ناحية منها بحاجة إلى مزيد من الإيضاح و أولها تعريف الخيارات وأسواقها.

لقد كانت الصيرفة الإسلامية مجرد أفكار في منتصف القرن العشرين تجسدت بتجربة مصارف الادخار المحلية في مصر عام 1963 , ومن ثم في واقع مصرفي أسلامي كانت بدايته مع المصرف الإسلامي للتنمية عام 1975, ومصرف دبي الإسلامي عام 1977, وشهد عقد الثمانينات اتساع المصارف الإسلامية إلى أن وصلت اليوم الى ما يزيد عن 160 مصرف تعمل في مختلف دول العالم واستثماراتها وصلت حوالي 60 بليون دولار.

         

 

   The research aims to determine the nature of the effect of long . term finance with Net profit which get by the organization from a grubs of finance sources which the organization can choose among them to funding its operations it is  one of the basic necessities Net income . Despite this importance , however there is a distinct lack of many Iraqi organizations in the study of the relationship effect of between these two variables and this the reaserch problem .

          The data of research were obtained the annual guide of Iraqi market for securities where a data of sample of Iraqi Banks was selected which were five banks from 2004 to 2007 , most of the analysis re

The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of instructional design according to whole brain theory of Herman in the achievement of chemistry at the fifth scientific students at a secondary school of the General Directorate for Educational in Diyala / Baladruz in Iraq. The research sample Consisted of (57 student, (29) students as experimental group studied according to instructional design strategies for whole brain theory of Herrmann and (28) a student as a control group studied by the usual way for two semesters, a prepared achievement test as article and objective type of multiple choice, the coefficient stability of alpha-Cronbach equation reached (0.86). The research Results showed the presence of a statistically significant d

The aim of this study is know the five leadership practices according to the theory of network of leadership by Black and Mouton for the presidents of the Taxation General Board from their prospective, that is through answering the questionnaire questions. To achieving the objectives of this study, the researcher organized a questionnaire form as a main instrument for data collection. It includes (30) items distributed into five leadership practices according to the theory of network of leadership. Each one is subdivided into (6) questions.

The questionnaire was distributed to the presidents of the Taxation General Board of (14). The researcher used the SPSS program to analyses the answers. Through the answers, h

The research aims to formulate a model for research on the dimensions of the Leader-member exchange theory according to the ideas and thoughts of Liden /Maslyn, Hammer and impact on job satisfaction and measure these dimensions at asiacell communications to identify the extent of convergence between theoretical dimensions share leader – member Exchange (LMX) with leadership style used in this company, we have been building scale contains two variables, independent variable Leader-member exchange theory five dimensions (effect , Loyalty, contribution, respect professional, and support) the certified job satisfaction variable dimensions (job security, The Style of management, organizational climate, appreciation, and work itself)

The aim of this research is to construct a cognitive behavior program based on the theory of Meichenbaum in reducing the emotional sensitivity among Intermediate school students. To achieve the aims of the research, two hypotheses were formulated and the experimental design with equal groups was chosen. The population of research and its sample are determined. The test of negative emotional sensitivity, which is constructed by the researcher, was adopted. The test contains (20) items proved validity and reliability as a reliable test by presenting it to a group of arbitrators and experts in education and psychology. An educational program is constructed based on the theory of Meichenbaum. The test was applied to a sample of (60) second i

Perhaps the issue of media and the press, especially one of the most common topics that people deliberate and deal with permanently and continuously. An issue of such significance has pushed researchers to put the following question, “Is it possible to live without media?”, “Can people ignore the newspaper, radio, TV, or the other communication means?”

The answer is very simple. It is difficult for civilized society to overtake information, or dispense with circulation, at the individual or collective level. Yet, the question of how to make the media and how it determines its content still requires extensive media experience; and knowledge of the social structure and its relations; and ac

The research presents the "theory of happiness according to Junaid al-Baghdadi" and the theory's most significant characteristics.

The reasons for happiness, include knowledge, love, and providence, and happiness itself is the return of man or spirit to the source from which it originated.

The issue of epistemology is one of the theological issues that were and still is a relentless pursuit of knowledge, knowing the true knowledge of certainty. Therefore, it formed a main focus because of its great importance expressing the deep desire of the human soul to explore the self and reality and answer all the questions that it may raise. Knowledge is the highest function. For man to exist.

Therefore, the establishment of epistemology was general in knowledge, a characteristic that was distinguished, as it is an ancient and renewed subject that is still being raised and raised, although there are many methods of treating it and sacred solutions to it. To finally prove its potentia

In accounting studies, more than one method is used to measure income and balance sheets elements. One of these methods is called the fair value, which use to determine the assets and liabilities ad it includes the benefits or self-satisfaction ability. This paper aims to focus on the importance of fair value as a basis of accounting measurement and its effects to achieve the relevant characteristics by using the equation is used by (Kythreotis) in his research, And Also , Editing this equation depending on the financial data and information of Iraqi Banks as a case.

 The capital in the bank is the important element in establishing it, because it maintains the banking sector in the event of exposure to losses or risks In addition to contributing to the provision of liquidity And protection of depositors' money from potential and unexpected losses. There is also a relationship between the prices of shares and the indicators of the durability of the capital owned, considering that the shares are the components of the bank capital The study limited the indicators of capital to assets and capital to deposits, capital to loans and financial investments Where the most important conclusions are the damage to the detriment of shareholders in contrast to the depositors in the case of increasing the propo