- المقدمهIntroduction    

الخيارات أحدى الأدوات المالية المشتقة التي تشتق قيمتها من قيمة الموجود الأساسي
Underlying Asset، وقد يكون الموجود الأساسي سهما عاديا أو مؤشر أسهم أو عقد مستقبلية سلع أو عقد مستقبلية على أوراق المديونية . وبالرغم من أن الدلائل تشير إلى أن التعامل بالخيارات يعود إلى أوائل القرن السادس العشر الميلادي آلا انه ونتيجة للعديد من الابتكارات التنظيمية  Organizational Innovations في آلية تداول الخيارات والتي ادخلها مجلس سوق شيكاغو للخيارات  (Chicago Board of Option Exchange ,CBOE) في عام 1973 والتي تزامنت مع افتتاح أول سوق منظم للخيارات, فقد شهد التعامل بالخيارات نموا انفجاريا    Explosive  Growth منذ ذلك الحين. وقد جسد نجاح الخيارات كأدوات مالية حديثه افتتاح الكثير من أسواق الخيارات حول العالم .

ويعد تغيير التوزيع الاحتمالي Probability Distribution لعوائد الاستثمار بالأسهم العادية واحدة من أهم مزايا التعامل بالخيارات فضلا عن توفيرها مجموعة كبيرة ومتنوعة من الفرص المتاحة أمام المستثمرين وأتاحة توافيق  Combinationsمن العائد و المخاطرة لم يكن وجودها ممكنا بدون الخيارات.أن هذه الميزة المهمة هي التي حدت بالباحثين لاختبار إمكانية تخفيض مخاطرة الأسهم العادية التي باتت السمة البارزة للاستثمار بالأسهم العادية في معظم الأسواق المالية .

وتعد الخيارات من الموضوعات التي نالت ومازالت أهتماما كبيرا على المستويين الأكاديمي والمهني وأن هذا الاهتمام المتزايد نابع من المتحوطين Hedgers والمضاربين. ونظرا لعدم تداولها في أسواق المال العربية عموما ولحداثة وتعدد مفاهيمها  فان أي ناحية منها بحاجة إلى مزيد من الإيضاح و أولها تعريف الخيارات وأسواقها.

لقد كانت الصيرفة الإسلامية مجرد أفكار في منتصف القرن العشرين تجسدت بتجربة مصارف الادخار المحلية في مصر عام 1963 , ومن ثم في واقع مصرفي أسلامي كانت بدايته مع المصرف الإسلامي للتنمية عام 1975, ومصرف دبي الإسلامي عام 1977, وشهد عقد الثمانينات اتساع المصارف الإسلامية إلى أن وصلت اليوم الى ما يزيد عن 160 مصرف تعمل في مختلف دول العالم واستثماراتها وصلت حوالي 60 بليون دولار.

         

 

The present paper aims at finding out the Variance Ratio of Trips Set Out by Scholars of Both Marrouzzeen and Baihaq  .The researcher has come up with conclusion including certain findings ,one of which is that the trip is considered an essential base with high effectiveness since  the old times and has been evolved .This means that the trip has been the main source of  knowledge and sciences from the scholars directly .This had driven the scholars of both Baihaq and Marrouz cities .It has been noticed , though this paper, that the number of the Marrouz scholars who visited was less than those of Baihaq . The researcher has focused on their meetings or conferences and investigated what has been going on in suc

As we know the transportation studies regarded as one of a very
important and difficult studies and one of its difficulties created from the
process of data updating therefore the researcher well facing many difficulties
to balancing between the old data on collecting new data.
The research present an opinion which is summarized by: can we use
the old data after we updated and used it as alternatives? Or the researcher
must collect new data to complete their research which indicate to the present
situation and some times they cant complete their studies because of the
security, economic, temporally difficulties.
The research used two kinds of data, the old data which belong to the
period (1998) and new data

Manuscript (Tuhfat Al-Ashaba and the Nuzha Al-Kulbab) by Ahmed bin Ibrahim Al-Hanafi Al-Suruji (d.710 AH / 1310 AD), one of the important manuscripts as an encyclopedia characterized by the diversity of its topics

Persuasion is an indispensable skill in everyday life; that is why, it has aroused researchers’ interest. This study aims to investigate the most frequently used persuasive strategies in texting WHO COVID-19 Virtual Press Conferences and explore how these strategies are employed to achieve persuasive messages.To this end, a text of WHO COVID-19 Virtual Press Conferences has been chosen randomly to be analyzed based on Dillard and Shen’s (2013) “Persuasive strategies in Health Campaigns”. A qualitative method has been adopted in analyzing the selected data to investigate the credibility and validity of the persuasive strategies used in such a domain. Findings have shown that most of the persuasive appeals based on the adopted mode

In this paper, Nordhaus-Gaddum type relations on open support independence number of some derived graphs of path related graphs under addition and multiplication are studied.

The research aimed to evaluate the financial performance of the Public Company for the manufacture of medicines and medical supplies / Samarra - Iraq to know the strengths and weaknesses that affect its performance, as well as to compare its performance in the years between (2017-2019), which are characterized by security stability with its performance in previous years (2014 -2016) which is characterized by security instability, to assess the extent of its ability to achieve growth in performance, by answering the main question, what is the evaluation of the performance of the Public Company for the manufacture of medicines and medical supplies / Samarra - Iraq in the light of financial indicators?

The research deals with analyzing the influencing role of trade policies in the growth and development of productive economic sectors and their contribution to GDP and its reflection on workforce employment. Studies have proven the success of the Malaysian experience in stimulating the productive economic sectors to grow and their contribution to the gross domestic product with an increase in the growth of local markets and access to international markets for national products. The research also deals with the ineffectiveness of Iraqi trade policies after 2003 in stimulating the productive economic sectors (agricultural and industrial) on economic growth, as most of the increase in Iraqi GDP growth throughout the study period was

The current research deals with the dialectical relationship resulting from the conflict in the violent combination and construction of the living ( the actor)and the dead (the item) in the structure of the Sinography construction and the emergence of the theatrical play space , which can be summed up by the following question: what is the nature of the dialectical relationship between the living (the actor) and the dead( the item) in the Sinography creation, which limited the research in a central objective : to identify the controversy of the living (actor) and the dead (item) in the performance unit of the theatrical scene . The research, in its objective limits set forth in its methodological framework, analyzes this controversy in o

  The research aims to know The Effect Of Flexible Grouping Strategy  and Three Step Interview strategy on achievement of the history material among student of the first literary class, The Researcher used the experimental design of the two experimental groups and the control group and with post test, researcher group (a) represent the experimental group taught according the Flexible Grouping Strategy  , and Division (c) to represent the second experimental group which studied according Three Step Interview strategy and Division (b ) to represent the control group taught in the traditional method, the number of students (99) students of (33) female students in each division. T

The main focus of research is on how to achieve the internal and external dimensions of corporate social responsibility through human resources management strategies, which is a major of research aimed. The main problem of this research was confirmed, which confirms that there is an unclear role for social responsibility, lack of human resources management strategies, and ambiguity of roles in the municipality under study. The diagnose of the problem and determining the gap between the internal and external dimensions of social responsibility and human resources management was identified, which attacked the researcher's attention to navigate in this subject, look for the reasons for the gaps and try to reduce them. The case study