- المقدمهIntroduction    

الخيارات أحدى الأدوات المالية المشتقة التي تشتق قيمتها من قيمة الموجود الأساسي
Underlying Asset، وقد يكون الموجود الأساسي سهما عاديا أو مؤشر أسهم أو عقد مستقبلية سلع أو عقد مستقبلية على أوراق المديونية . وبالرغم من أن الدلائل تشير إلى أن التعامل بالخيارات يعود إلى أوائل القرن السادس العشر الميلادي آلا انه ونتيجة للعديد من الابتكارات التنظيمية  Organizational Innovations في آلية تداول الخيارات والتي ادخلها مجلس سوق شيكاغو للخيارات  (Chicago Board of Option Exchange ,CBOE) في عام 1973 والتي تزامنت مع افتتاح أول سوق منظم للخيارات, فقد شهد التعامل بالخيارات نموا انفجاريا    Explosive  Growth منذ ذلك الحين. وقد جسد نجاح الخيارات كأدوات مالية حديثه افتتاح الكثير من أسواق الخيارات حول العالم .

ويعد تغيير التوزيع الاحتمالي Probability Distribution لعوائد الاستثمار بالأسهم العادية واحدة من أهم مزايا التعامل بالخيارات فضلا عن توفيرها مجموعة كبيرة ومتنوعة من الفرص المتاحة أمام المستثمرين وأتاحة توافيق  Combinationsمن العائد و المخاطرة لم يكن وجودها ممكنا بدون الخيارات.أن هذه الميزة المهمة هي التي حدت بالباحثين لاختبار إمكانية تخفيض مخاطرة الأسهم العادية التي باتت السمة البارزة للاستثمار بالأسهم العادية في معظم الأسواق المالية .

وتعد الخيارات من الموضوعات التي نالت ومازالت أهتماما كبيرا على المستويين الأكاديمي والمهني وأن هذا الاهتمام المتزايد نابع من المتحوطين Hedgers والمضاربين. ونظرا لعدم تداولها في أسواق المال العربية عموما ولحداثة وتعدد مفاهيمها  فان أي ناحية منها بحاجة إلى مزيد من الإيضاح و أولها تعريف الخيارات وأسواقها.

لقد كانت الصيرفة الإسلامية مجرد أفكار في منتصف القرن العشرين تجسدت بتجربة مصارف الادخار المحلية في مصر عام 1963 , ومن ثم في واقع مصرفي أسلامي كانت بدايته مع المصرف الإسلامي للتنمية عام 1975, ومصرف دبي الإسلامي عام 1977, وشهد عقد الثمانينات اتساع المصارف الإسلامية إلى أن وصلت اليوم الى ما يزيد عن 160 مصرف تعمل في مختلف دول العالم واستثماراتها وصلت حوالي 60 بليون دولار.

         

 

Public relations are amongst the social sciences that rely on scientific methods in achieving new knowledge or resolving existing problems by means of its scientific researches that are often applied and require a classification in terms of their results’ analysis. It also requires subtle statistical processes whether in constructing their material or in analyzing and interpreting their results.

This research seeks to identify the relation between public relations and statistics, and the significance a researcher or practitioner in the domain of public relations should assign to statistics being one of the important criteria in identifying the accuracy and object

هدف البحث إلى إعداد تمرينات منطقة الشدة الثالثة للقوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين للاعبين الشباب بكرة القدم، والتعرف على تأثير تمرينات منطقة الشدة الثالثة للقوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين في السرعة الانتقالية وفي سرعة التهديف للاعبين الشباب بكرة القدم، وأفترض الباحث بأنه توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين نتائج الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية لمجموعتي البحث التجريبية والضابطة لكل من السرعة الانتقالية وسرعة التهديف ب

Abstract: Persian literature, after the spread of Islam in Pars, received a lot of influence from the subtle and rhetorical details of the Holy Quran. This effect is more in poetry than in prose because the weights of Persian poetry are closer to the melody of the Qur'an and its weights.The effectiveness of most of the prose works is only in the Quranic themes and words. Persian poetry that has benefited from various sciences of rhetoric, including semantics, eloquence and rhetoric. The degree and manner of influence of each of the didactic, lyrical, epic and travelogue literary types is different from the rhetorical points of the Quran. The instructions under educational literature have benefited the least from Quranic rhetoric. The max

  This century is witnessing changes in various fields,which have become a challenge to the enterprises in the contemporary business environment, the most important of which is the importance of measurement and disclosure of the role of knowledge capital in the transition to the knowledge economy, which is no longer the land and labor and physical capital resources the basic. Knowledge-based capital has emerged that provides the enterprise with an area of ​​excellence and enhances its position to achieve competitive advantage. The research tackled the concept, objectives, components and importance of knowledge capital, which is fundamental in knowledge management, creating value added and enhancing competitiveness, as well as an

          In this study, ultraviolet (UV), ozone techniques with hydrogen peroxide oxidant were used to treat the wastewater which is produced from South Baghdad Power Station using lab-scale system. From UV-H₂O₂ experiments, it was shown that the optimum exposure time was 80 min. At this time, the highest removal percentages of oil, COD, and TOC were 84.69 %, 56.33 % and 50 % respectively. Effect of pH on the contaminants removing was studied in the range of (2-12). The best oil, COD, and TOC removal percentages (69.38 %, 70 % and 52 %) using H₂O₂/UV were at pH=12. H₂O₂/ozone experiments exhibited better performance compared to

Represent a topic occupational safety and health management is one of the priorities of the loading organization in the business environment ,and one of the requirement for the success and its impact on the productivity of workers and their performance in an appropriate working environment .The international responses to the problems that accompany the technological and industrial development of the business environment are the issuance of ISO 45001:2018 aimed at providing an appropriate framework for controlling risks , reducing injuries and work accidents and improving work performance ,after realizing the environmental relationship between safe and sound work with competition .The search’s issue is represented with the exist

This study aims to clarify areas of using information technology in accounting and its impact on the profession of auditors by reviewing the concept, types, areas and the importance of information technology and its implications on the audit profession as well as to clarify the extent of contribution of information technology in  developing of procedures of the audit profession and what its requirement, also this study aims to enhance the theoretical side by identifying the views of a sample of auditors in  Arab countries selected (Iraq, Syria, Jordan), for the extent of using of information technology in their work and level of their perception for the importance of that

This research examines the issue of Internet banking services and their impact on customer's perceived value to know the potential of Iraqi commercial Banks to provide Internet banking services as well as determine the customer's level of perception of the value of such services. The research aims to demonstrate the effect that Internet banking services have on the customer's perceived value and to find how online banking services can be used to add value that the customer perceive. The main findings were that research sample banks don't have a sophisticated network of electronic Windows through which banking services are provided to allow customers to manage their accounts, and perform various operational operations through the

This research aims to identify the role and impact of illustrations in contemporary fashion design inspired by historical costumes. Historical fashion aesthetics are adapted to design drawings. The experimental method was followed and a sample of 31 students in the department of fashion and textile design, third level were selected. Each student carried out two original historical and contemporary design. The models were executed two times: one with the usage of the program and the other without program help. The tools that were used are the program, the scale, the pre-skill test, and the post-skill test. One of the most relevant results of the research is the possibility of using historical costumes to highlight creativity and innovatio