The study aimed to identify the reality of the application of cost accounting system in the contracting institutions in Saudi Arabia, and the extent of the reflection of the application of this system on the effectiveness and efficiency of the general performance of these institutions. Where the research community consists of the contracting institutions operating in the Saudi Arabia, and then a suitable random sample was selected from seventy one institutions. The researchers used the historical method to track the previous studies as well as the descriptive approach to conducting the field study. The study data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program.

The results of this study conclude that there is a need for cost data in the contracting institutions in Saudi Arabia, and these institutions are able to bear the cost and burdens of this system, but these institutions do not care to implement the cost accounting system in a systematic and sound manner, or for the purpose of helping them in the management of their administrative and achievement goals, growth and development. Remarkably, the problems and obstacles that prevent the implement- ation of this system is the failure to recognize the concept and nature of this system and the benefits that will be achieved by its application by the owners and management of these institutions.

The main recommendations were to raise awareness of the application of cost accounting system in the Kingdom's contracting institutions, to implement modern and computerized cost programs in a sound and systematic manner and to define the objective of implementing this system. Also, the relevant bodies of the contracting institutions should provide assistance and advice to serve and enhance the chances of applying the cost accounting system.