Preferred Language
Articles
/
jeasiq-1139
إعادة إعمار العراق الفرص والتحديات
...Show More Authors

المقدمة:

تعد الخطوة الأولى او خطوة البداية من اهم التحديات التي تواجه الاقتصاديين وصناع القرار في العراق لإعادة تنظيم الاقتصاد العراقي وإعادة اعمار ما دمرته الحروب والسياسات الاقتصادية السابقة على حد سواء، فالتخلف ضارب إطنابه في كل مكان، فهناك تخلف في القطاعات الرئيسية المختلفة كالقطاع الزراعي والصناعي وهناك تدمير في البنية التحتية نتيجة الحرب وما قبلها واختلال في الإنتاج ومعدلات عالية من البطالة وتفاوت كبير في توزيع الدخول والثروات بين الأفراد والأقاليم على حد سواء وانتشار الفقر بين أفراد المجتمع وتردي الحالة المعيشية للسكان والتدهور البيئي. وفوق ذلك غياب العناصر الرئيسية للسياسات الاقتصادية الكلية المتمثلة بالسياسات المالية والنقدية والتجارية وغيرها نظرا لغياب كامل لدور الحكومة في إدارة النشاط الاقتصادي او التأثير فيها نتيجة الوضع الأمني المتدهور وعدم الاستقرار السياسي، إضافة الى عدم الثقة بالمستقبل.

من اين نبدأ؟ واي من هذه التحديات السالفة الذكر ذات أولوية. وكيف يمكن ان نحدد ماهو مهم وما هو أهم، وما هو مطلوب بشكل ملح. وكم هي الأموال المطلوبة، ومن الذي يقوم بكل تلك الأعمال في ظل الحديث عن فساد مالي وإداري لم تشهد له البلاد مثيلا في التاريخ. وما هو دور القطاع العام وما هو دور القطاع الخاص، وما هي حجم الديون والتعويضات المطلوب من العراق الإيفاء بها، الى غير ذلك من الأسئلة الكثيرة التي تتطلب الإجابة عنها وبشكل دقيق.

لقد أتت الحرب على كل شيء، فلم تدمر الحرب البنى التحتية فقط والتي يعنى بها راس مال المجتمع مثل المدارس والمستشفيات والطرق والجسور والسدود والمحطات والمطارات، وإنما دمرت البنى الفوقية والتي يقصد بها التشريعات والأنظمة والقوانين والإطار الأكبر لها هو مؤسسات الدولة التي كانت تحكم عمل البنى التحتية. والذي لم تدمره الحرب بشكل مباشر دمرته أيادي خبيثة جاهلة من خلال عمليات السلب والنهب والحرق والتهريب الى خارج البلاد. لقد نزحت ثروة البلد التي حققها عبر عقود عديدة كلها الى خارج الحدود. وإذا ما ذهبنا لأبعد من ذلك نجد ان الحرب قد دمرت حتى منظومة القيم التي أقامها المجتمع منذ آلاف السنين.. الم يكن العراق مهد الحضارة وصاحب اول مسلة للشرائع، وها نحن بعد آلاف السنين من مسلة حمورابي التي ربما هي الآن خارج العراق مع مثيلاتها من التحف والآثار العراقية الأخرى بعد التهريب الشامل للآثار العراقية لا نجد قانونا واحدا يمكن تطبيقه في العراق حتى لو كان القانون الذي لم يكتب هو وهو علاقة الأخ بأخيه او الجار بجاره.

ولقد طرحت تساؤلات عدة بخصوص مستقبل العراق الاقتصادي ومدى قدرته على مواجهة التحديات التي تهدده، لاسيما في ظل عدم الاستقرار الأمني والاجتماعي وطغيان حالة الفساد الإداري في معظم مرافق الدولة، بحيث أصبح من الصعب البدء في عملية إعادة اعمار حقيقية، مالم يتم القضاء على الظواهر السلبية التي أفرزتها الحرب في المجتمع العراقي. على ان ذلك لم يكن المعوق الوحيد، فقد ظهرت تحديات جديدة أخرى لاتقل أهمية عما سبق ذكره من تحديات وهي مشكلة تمويل إعادة الاعمار ومشكلة الديون الخارجية. ولقد تصاعد الجدل بين المختصين بشأن الكيفية التي يتم بها تمويل إعادة الاعمار ولا سيما بنيته التحتية المدمرة، التي تعد حجر الأساس في الشروع بإعادة بناء حقيقية، وما هو الدور الذي يمكن ان تقوم به المؤسسات الدولية، مثل البنك الدولي، وما يمكن تحقيقه من خلال الاعتماد على الذات.

 

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Traditional and molecular methods for diagnosing bacterial meningitis in Erbil city, Iraq
...Show More Authors

Bacterial meningitis is a leading cause of illness and death worldwide. It is crucial for clinical and public health care, as well as disease control, to identify the meningitis-causing agent promptly. Between June 2021-February 2022, a total of 100 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were collected from suspected cases of meningitis admitted to Raparin Paediatric Teaching Hospital, Erbil city-Iraq. Cytochemical, cultural, and biochemical tests were conducted, and confirmed by molecular techniques. Bacterial culture findings were positive in 7% of CSF samples and just one positive among blood samples. The most common pathogens found by cultural characteristics and VITEK 2 Compact System were Staphylococcus sciuri in two

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Interactivity on the Website of Monte Carlo International Radio Regarding Iraqi Topics
...Show More Authors

This research aims to identify the means and forms of interactive communication concerning Iraqi topics on the websites of global radio stations, namely Sawa and Monte Carlo. It also seeks to uncover the editorial and artistic interactions related to Iraqi topics on the selected websites chosen as the research sample, comparing them with the editorial interaction within the Iraqi context between the Radio Monte Carlo and Sawa websites.
The research yields several conclusions, including the following:
Iraqis focus their interaction with topics related to Iraq on Facebook for both Radio Monte Carlo and Sawa; Arabs show higher levels of interaction on Twitter with Radio Monte Carlo; Participants on the webs

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Dry Canal in Iraq and Mutual Growth in International Economic Environment
...Show More Authors

In this paper, an attempt was made to measure and interpret the impact of several variables on global maritime transport, including: OECD industrial productions, high growth rates of some developing countries, and growth in world GDP. These variables contribute to higher rates of maritime transport revenues of 800 billion dollars annually; in the form of numerical sequences. The dry canal in Iraq was assumed to transfer 99 million tons of goods annually. This was made sure through the economic feasibility of the difference between maritime and land transport through railways. The effect of geographical and anthropological nature of Iraq on this project was studied too. Our findings indicated that the project will not drive growth

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Identify indicators of climate change through the analysis of the amount of rain in Iraq
...Show More Authors

United nation determined many basic climatic effects which affect the crust of Earth.
And the most important one is the climatic change and its effect on environmental, economic,
social, and political effects. So, the amount of rain which is considered as one of climatic
changes in Iraq should be studied.So, this research explains the factors which affect rain, its
overall average, the variation in the amounts of rain, the amount of yearly rain and variation
in both yearly and monthly rains by using standard variation and yearly fluctuation.As a
result, it is concluded that the number of rainy days doesn't mean an increase in rains amount.
And there's variation in rains amount in all study areas which is contrastive

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Mar 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Historical Succession of Equal Rain Lines in Iraq: سالار علي خضر الدزيي
...Show More Authors

The current research focuses on examining the isohyets in a set of (3) climatic maps of Iraq. Two of these maps were published in the Iraq Climate Atlas and the third one was published in an English source about the geography of Iraq. The first map represents the period from 1923-to-1944, the second is for the period from 1961-to-1990, whereas the third represents the period from 1971-to-2000. Comparing among these three maps, it has become clear that there are noticeable changes of rain in Iraq. In the first map, which represents the decade of the twenties, thirties and early forties, Iraq was located between two Isohyet lines (127 mm) in the far south and (1270 mm) in the far north. As for the second map, which represents the sixties,

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jan 14 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of housing finance policies in reducing the housing crisis in Iraq
...Show More Authors

Finance is considered as an important and essential element when developing any housing policy which has a basic role creation of channels and effective means of saving money for individuals and institutions involved in the construction of housing units , and in particular that there is a deficit of residential dramatically in Iraq offset by a significant decline in the rates of construction housing and the accumulation of housing need in the coming years , the importance lies of the subject in creating mechanism for financing this sector and the impact of such a mechanism in solving the problem of the deficit number of housing units, through studying the experiences of some countries in the policies of housing finance to take advantage

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
تأثير قانون الاستثمار الجديد في سوق العراق للاوراق المالية: دراسة تحليلية
...Show More Authors

اصبحت الاسواق المالية في الوقت الحاضر من المتطلبات الأساسية لتحقيق التطور الاقتصادي والمالي وتبرز اهمية السوق المالي في خدمة الاقتصاد الوطني العراق حيث ان سوق العراق للأوراق المالية (بالإنجليزية: ISX‏) هو سوق للأوراق مالية في بغداد وتأسست السوق في

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Aug 20 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The role of religious references in the reformation process in Iraq after 2003
...Show More Authors

The Shiite religious authority in Iraq has played an active and vital role over its long history in promoting values of tolerance, rejecting extremism, advocating unity and confronting external challenges. This role has increased significantly after 2003 as a result of the great challenges that have passed in Iraq. Despite its clear policy of non-interference in political matters, except in cases of necessity, but the great role it played in maintaining national unity and advocating the rejection of extremism and sectarianism has made it a necessary need in Iraq to confront any deviations, dispersions or threats that affect society and the state. Therefore, its role in the process of reform was prominent on the political level by calling

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Constants of blood money in the Koran   And its variables in the custom prevailing in Iraq
...Show More Authors

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.
          Because it has a prominent role in the life of the Muslim person in particular, and in the stability, security, and safety of society in general, I found it appropriate to participate even a little in solving some of the problems that arise in the nation, and that Adello Badawi in this important issue that concerns everyone without exception And that I show that there are constants in the Koran, from which the scholars of the Ummah derived their evidence on this subject, and that there have been variables have occurred in some Islamic societies, in the issue of blood money that deserves the victim and his family, has allocated talk

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Measuring the level of unemployment in Iraq by using the user / product schedule for 2010
...Show More Authors

Economic performance is one of the most important indicators of economic activity and with the performance of the economy progress varied sources of output and increase economic growth rates and per capita national income, and to recover the business environment and increase investment rates and rising effectiveness of the financial and monetary institutions and credit market. Which leads to increased employment rates and reducing unemployment rates and the elimination of many of the social problems and improve the average per capita income as well as improve the level of national income.

The input / output tables is a technique mathematical indicates economic performance

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref