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jeasiq-1113
Public Budget and the Roles of Legislative and Executive Power Regarding It with Reference to Iraq)2004-2011)
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The public budget is regarded a main tool for economic and social development. The preparation of the public budget constitute an important stream which enriches the developmental efforts and the definition of its priorities, therefore it is the focus point of many specializations. The public budget has numerous functions. It is a means to precise and to execute the political and economic goals of the executive authority, a mirror of the economic structure which reflects its strength and weakness points, specifies its revenues and others. Since the parliament is the voice of the society which expresses its interests, then, it must monitor the performance of the government so that the participation of the legislative authority in the preparation of the public budget and the final account has become a traditional part of its responsibilities, therefore it encouraged the appearance of a new trend which classifies the public budget as a fourth function of the parliament in addition to its legislative, monitory and representative functions. The public budget is often prepared by the executive authority for many reasons and justifications. Through the study of the experiments of many countries on the subject, it became clear that they differ regarding the roles, effect tools and interference. It became clear; too, that some parliaments have committees specialized in the study of public budget. If we compare those experiments to the state in Iraq, we find that there is no defect within the Iraqi legal frame which specifies the role of the legislative authority in the public budget and the final account. The problem lies in the fact that the Iraqi parliament does not adopt an effective role regarding both of them. Many articles of the Iraqi 2005 Constitution, Law for Financial Management 2004 and some of the articles of the Internal Bylaw of the Iraqi parliament specify the general and timing frames for the preparation of the public budget and the final account until their approval. It is worth mentioning that the final account in Iraq did not meet the attention it worth, especially from the Iraqi parliament. Its presentation by the executive authority is usually delayed from the dead points named by laws. The investment expenditures have gained, as average, 19% of the public expenditures throughout 2006- 10, while the percentages of the achievement of the investment projects have amounted to 61%. It seems that the general rule adopted in the preparation of the public budget in Iraq throughout 2006- 10 has been a preparation of a public budget with a planned deficit turns to actual surplus.                     

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of the Zubair Formation in Rumaila Oilfields, Southern Iraq: Microfacies and Geochemistry
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In the Rumaila oilfields in southern Iraq, the Zubair Formation was deposited in a shallow environment as three main facies, delta plain, backshore, and delta front depositional conditions indicating a transition from delta front and delta plain to a highstand level due to the finning upward mode. The facies of the Zubair clasts show well-sorted quartz arenite sandstone, poorly sorted quartz arenite sandstone, clayey sandstone that has not been properly sorted, sandy shale, and shale lithofacies. The minor lithofacies were identified using well-logging methods (gamma ray, spontaneous potential and sonic logs) and petrography. The Zubair clasts are of transition environment that appears to be transported from freshwater and deposited

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of time management on the performance of the functional business: Survey study at Al Salam General Company for Communications and Information Technology
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The aim of the research is to know the level of time management application and its impact on the performance of the job, a survey search in the general company for communication and information technology and provide recommendations that help employees to optimize the use of time and improve performance, which is an important element in controlling the various functions of the company. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the questionnaire was based on two main variables and distributed to a random sample of (44) employees in the company out of (308) employees, thus the proportion of the sample (14%). After collecting the samples from the sample, there are (6) incomplete forms that have been retri

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
User (K-Means) for clustering in Data Mining with application
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  The great scientific progress has led to widespread Information as information accumulates in large databases is important in trying to revise and compile this vast amount of data and, where its purpose to extract hidden information or classified data under their relations with each other in order to take advantage of them for technical purposes.

      And work with data mining (DM) is appropriate in this area because of the importance of research in the (K-Means) algorithm for clustering data in fact applied with effect can be observed in variables by changing the sample size (n) and the number of clusters (K)

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 14 2021
Journal Name
Aestimum
The role of fiscal and monetary policy in stimulating Circular Economy in Iraq
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The issue of the Circular Economy is not a new issue to several countries, especially the developed ones. Here in Iraq it is considered newly introduced, despite the few attempts to establish projects that concern recycling most of them were doomed to fail, due to two main reasons: the first one is the financial and administrative corruption widespread in all departments of the country, the second one is the priorities of public spending. It is well known that Iraq was subjected to two major attacks, the ISIS entry attack in 2014 to Iraq. ISIS occupied about a third of Iraqi lands which resulted in a collapse in oil prices, as Iraq depends almost entirely on oil revenues in its budget which is the second attack. This made the Iraqi governme

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 28 2012
Journal Name
Arabian Journal Of Geosciences
Hydrochemistry and pollution probability of selected sites along the Euphrates River, Western Iraq
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 27 2025
Journal Name
Al-anbar Journal Of Veterinary Sciences
The relation between sex and Ectoparasites intestation of Albushlumbo Pseudapocrypte dentatus in Iraq
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Causality Analysis of the Nexus between Higher Education and Income Distribution in Iraq
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Abstract:

The achievement of economic and social welfare for individual is the main target to all policies that adopted by all countries worldwide either were economic, social, political or others. The obtaining of education by individuals and especially the higher education is one of the most important determinates in achieving the wellbeing and lasted economic development. This is because via the higher education new fields can be opened in front of individuals in order to get adequate jobs associated with their scientific specialization. This is allowing educated individuals gain higher income that can reduce the gap of income inequality.

Thus, this paper aims to analysis the n

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
GEOHISTORY ANALYSIS AND BASIN DEVELOPMENT OF THE LATE BERRIASIAN-APTIAN SUCCESSION, SOUTHERN IRAQ
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The studied succession is deposited during late Berriasian-Aptian interval, which is represented by the Zubair, Ratawi, Yamama formations. The present study includes stratigraphic development and basin analysis for 21 boreholes (Rachi-1, 2; Rifaei-1, Diwan- 1; Ratawi-1, 2; Halfaia-5; West Qurna 12, 15; Nahr Umr-7,8; Zubair-47,49; North Rumaila- 72, 131, 158; Suba-7; Majnoon-2, 3 and Luhais-2, 12) distributed within 13 oil fields in the southern Iraq. The back-stripping process determined the original direction of basin depocenter for the studied succession. The Yamama basin in the study area stretches from southeast to southwest with single depocenters, it was located in the southeast of the study area near wells Mj-2, Mj-3.NR-8 and

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Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
Biochem. Cell. Arch.
The Morphological and Pollen Grains Study of Ipomoea Carnea Jacq. (convolvulaceae) In Iraq
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The current study included a detail morphological study of all parts of the species Ipomoea carnea Jacq. (Convolvulaceae) cultivated in different gardens, the roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit were studied in detail, also the pollen grains were studied and there are photographs for all the parts were putted.

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Scopus
Publication Date
Fri Feb 28 2025
Journal Name
The Iraqi Geological Journal
Structural Interpretation of Najaf Basin Using the Magnetic and Gravity Data, Central Iraq
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Potential data interpretation is significant for subsurface structure characterization. The current study is an attempt to explore the magnetic low lying between Najaf and Diwaniyah Cities, In central Iraq. It aims to understand the subsurface structures that may result from this anomaly and submit a better subsurface structural image of the region. The study area is situated in the transition zone, known as the Abu Jir Fault Zone. This tectonic boundary is an inherited basement weak zone extending towards the NW-SE direction. Gravity and magnetic data processing and enhancement techniques; Total Horizontal Gradient, Tilt Angle, Fast Sigmoid Edge Detection, Improved Logistic, and Theta Map filters highlight source boundaries and the

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