The present study was conducted with a view to determine whether focal laser therapy result in visual recovery and regression of macular edema in patients with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy ,and whether combined focal and scatter laser therapy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy results in visual recovery ,regression of macular edema and regression of the risk factors. In the present work, a frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser was used for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The study evaluates 41 eyes of 33 diabetic patients both with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus IDDM, (n=16) and Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus NIDDM, (n=17) with diabetic retinopathy divided into two

For many problems in Physics and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), providing an accurate approximation of derivatives is a challenging task. This paper presents a class of high order numerical schemes for approximating the first derivative. These approximations are derived based on solving a special system of equations with some unknown coefficients. The construction method provides numerous types of schemes with different orders of accuracy. The accuracy of each scheme is analyzed by using Fourier analysis, which illustrates the dispersion and dissipation of the scheme. The polynomial technique is used to verify the order of accuracy of the proposed schemes by obtaining the error terms. Dispersion and dissipation errors are calculated

The main objective of present work is to describe the feasibility of friction stir welding (FSW) for
joining of low carbon steel with dimensions (3 mm X 80 mm X 150 mm). A matrix (3×3) of welding
parameters (welding speed and tool rotational speed) was used to see influence of each parameter on
properties of welded joint .Series of (FSW) experiments were conducted using CNC milling machine
utilizing the wide range of rotational speed and transverse speed of the machine. Effect of welding
parameters on mechanical properties of weld joints were investigated using different mechanical tests
including (tensile and microhardness tests ). Micro structural change during (FSW) process was
studied and different welding zones

The aim of the current research is to verify the effect of the cognitive modeling strategy on the achievement of the chemistry course for the students of the first intermediate grade. To achieve the objective of the research, the null hypothesis was formulated via cognitive modeling strategy. The results showed that the experimental group's students performed better than the students in the control group. In the light of the results, the researchers concluded: The impact of the cognitive modeling strategy in the achievement of students of first intermediate grade in chemistry.

         This study attempts to determine the necessary teaching competencies for teachers and the level of their importance in the development of their performance professionally and scientifically, and the progress towards a better future to achieve an effective level. Accordingly, the research community consists of the morning-preparatory schools for boys at the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad \ Rusafa². The study sample included (68) teachers constituted 88.31% of the total community of teachers. As for the research tools, the researcher adopted the descriptive method by using the observation method in which the researcher prepared a list of teaching. For verifying the re

Cold plasma is a relatively low temperature gas, so this feature enables us to use cold plasma to treat thermally sensitive materials including polymers and biologic tissues. In this research, the non-thermal plasma system is designed with diameter (3 mm, 10 mm) Argon at atmospheric pressure as well as to be suitable for use in medical and biotechnological applications.
The thermal description of this system was studied and we observed the effect of the diameter of the plasma needle on the plasma, when the plasma needle slot is increased the plasma temperature decrease, as well as the effect of the voltages applied to the temperature of the plasma, where the temperature increasing with increasing the applied voltage . Results showed t

  Weibull distribution is considered as one of the most widely  distribution applied in real life, Its similar to normal distribution in the way of applications, it's also considered as one of the distributions that can applied in many fields such as industrial engineering to represent replaced and manufacturing time ,weather forecasting, and other scientific uses in reliability studies and survival function in medical and communication engineering fields.

   In this paper, The scale parameter has been estimated for weibull distribution using Bayesian method based on Jeffery prior information as a first method , then enhanced by improving Jeffery prior information and then used as a se

The current research aims to find out the extent to which students of the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences\/Ibn al-Haitham have owned laboratory academic skills, the researcher adopted a descriptive research approach to conform to the goal of the research, the research sample the consisted of 140 students from the Department of Chemistry Phase II, The research tool, which consisted of a measure of laboratory academic skills, which consisted of seven skills and consisted of 28 paragraphs (four paragraphs per field), was prepared and the pent-up scale was chosen because the selected sample were university students, and the results showed the ownership of students' skills of laboratory academic skills other than skill The use of the libr