In Algeria, education is compulsory for males and females. This foundational decision was taken right after the independence of the country in 1962. Soon after, in 1963, the central government decided the Arabisation of the whole educational levels starting from primary school till university. At the same period, illiteracy-eradication programmes were launched by the Ministry of Education to get rid of this post-colonial scourge. In the administrative department (or Wilaya) of Adrar, former Tuat, young males and females attend Quranic schools (Zawaya) well before any formal education, that is as early as 4-5 years of age. The adult people who are not enrolled in formal classes could sit for non-formal ones. However, actual measurements a

لقد مثلت عملية التحول من النظام الشمولي الى مشروع اقامة نظام جديد ومغاير نقلة نوعية شهده المجتمع العراقي بعد 9/4/ 2003 القت بظلالها على مختلف الاصعدة السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، ولعل من بين ابرز تلك التحولات ذلك الذي تبلور على حول مفهوم الهوية الوطنية واعادة تشكيلها من خلال صياغة جديدة لمفهوم المواطنة الذي يفترض ان تكون القاعدة الراسخة التي يتأسس عليها المشروع الوطني الجديد الرامي الى إقامة او إعادة تأسي

Urban Development refers to many topics such as: increased population density, city size, and individual’s production, distribution of technology and the growth of commercial, industrial and service professions. Such development is linked to the coordination of social and cultural trends in order to achieve social progress and economical prosperity. Knowledge as a topic now is known as intellectual capital wich led to upgrae the concept of urban development to be extended into many fields of knowledge, for example, cultural, social and human development to move the level of community culture into a new better standard.

The research adopted the urban transformation based on knowledge as an important factor in gr

The research aims at identify the role of the electronic trading system used in the Iraq stock exchange to promote trading activity for the stocks of listed companies in this market.

To prove the hypothesis of research, it was selected the main trading indicators for the market to be a main field in test the research hypothesis.it was selected as the period of time for (9)years span between the years (2005-2013) because they represent the first two articles of equal time periods represent aperiod that preceded the introduction of electronic trading system  while the second represents the period of time that followed 

The research found a number of conclusions but the mo

The media plays an important role in a number of functions performed by them. Press is one of those media which had and still have a clear role in addressing the various issues, topics, and events. Journalism is no longer as expressed by owners of the liberal theory – it seeks to raise the instincts – but it began to excite the minds of readers to meet their needs. At the same time, it does not neglect the search for the truth and work to deliver it to readers. Some have identified a set of tasks carried out by the press including the interest in public affairs, the needs of the community, work to provide happiness, what is beneficial and useful and combat the negative phenomenon and to address the deviations facing society. The comi

The research is dedicated to study technical and dramatic recruitment of the clown character in Child's Theater Shows This research consist of four chapters ; first chapter is dealing with the problem of the research which defined by the following question :" Does the educational and dramatic recruitment of the clown character achieved in Child's Theater Shows?"The research is summarized in sets of points such as :•Make use of this research for the benefit of employees in the child's theater , especially directors, actors, technicians, workers and dress designers .•To benefit concerned educational institutions in the field of child's theater ; such as : child's culture house , theater & cinema office which are belonging to the ed

Study of Direct Marketing techniques and determining the scope of the suitability of each of them in the application in the Iraqi market - An analytical and explorative study for sample of views for wholesaler in Baghdad. The essential idea of the research is to go into the most important concepts which have been mentioned in the direct marketing and determining its current and most important techniques and knowing the scope of applying these techniques in Baghdad main markets (Karrada, Jamilah, shorja, Baya area, zeyouna and new Baghdad) and which of those techniques most applicable in these markets. The research took a sample of (100) wholesalers who practice the activities of selling nutritional items, auto and outs spare part

Abstract

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of concept maps in the academic achievement of the art of elegance and fashion for third vocational students. The current research is a quasi-experimental one. The research sample consisted of (74) female students in Al-Saydiyah secondary school for girls, they were divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The following hypothesis was developed: There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the students who studied the subject using concept maps and the average scores of the students who studied the subject in the traditional method in the post-achievement test. The

لقد انبثقت رؤيا حديثة في مسرح الثمانينات من القرن العشرين كان هدفها دحر حس الاسر الذي عاشه  انسان العصر الحديث وفي محاولة للارتقاء بارادته وحرية الاختيار نحو الانعتاق من محاولات المصادرة الفظة لها. وبالرغم من افتراض هذه الرؤيا انها ذات طابع سلبي, الا ان رؤيا الانتحار قدعدت بانها قادرة على ان تجعل في متناول يد الانسان احساسا طموحا بالتحكم على الاقل بنوع النهاية التي يكتبها لحياته. وقد انعكست هذة الرؤيا ال

In the 20th century, the concept of "sarcasm" has relatively prevailed, and in this sense, it is a method in the art of conversation that wants to keep the question about the intended meaning, that is, "saying something and suggesting its opposite."
There are other concepts that indicate that sarcasm is saying something in a way that provokes the recipient of the statement an infinite number of different interpretations, with multiple readers of different interpretations. While the philosophy of irony stands by the standards of things, exaggeration or minimization, this manipulation takes place within the enjoyment. However, it's a method to present sharp criticism in an atmosphere of criticism that differs from generation to gener