In this paper, the Mars orbital elements were calculated. These orbital elements—the major axis, the inclination (i), the longitude of the ascending node (W), the argument of the perigee (w), and the eccentricity (e)—are essential to knowing the size and shape of Mars' orbit. The quick basic program was used to calculate the orbital elements and distance of Mars from the Earth from 25/5/1950 over 10000 days. These were calculated using the empirical formula of Meeus, which depended on the Julian date, which slightly changed for 10000 days; Kepler's equation was solved to find Mars' position and its distance from the Sun. The ecliptic and equatorial coordinates of Mars were calculated. The distance between Mars and the center of the E

Abstract

That Iraq's dependence on the revenues of the oil product in financing its development programs and growth rates , Making the economy affected by external forces represented by fluctuations in crude oil prices in the global market, Which is directly reflected on the performance and efficiency of the Iraqi economy.

The study adopted its objectives to analyze the time series for the period (1988 - 2015) through the use of standard and statistical methods, Four standard models were estimated to reach those targets, Where the results of the stability test showed instability of most variables at their original level, But to achieve stability when taking the first differences, While the result

In this study, morphotectonic analyses were prepared for an anticline existing to the north of Maqloub Anticline and extends toward north - south approximately, which is unfamiliar in relation to the major extension of the anticlines in the region. The study involves a structural interpretation of the anticline's origin and its relation with the faulting in the foreland zone in this area, specifically in foothill zone, because of the major fracture that is found adjacent and parallel to the axis of this anticline.

The visual interpretation is the major tool used to determine the features of this anticline. Moreover, some facilitating remote sensing technologies, such as digital processing of satellite images and Digital Elevation

The Jabal Sanam, a piercement salt plug, represents a unique geological phenomenon in southern Iraq. It is a remarkable geological landmark that rises about 141 m above sea level and covers approximately 2 km², surrounded by flat areas on all sides. A radiological survey was conducted on the Jabal Sanam structure to determine the natural radioactivity levels and related radiation hazard indices. Eleven different rock types from several locations at Jabal Sanam were collected. An optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to examine and identify the variable rock types in this structure. Natural radioactivity using field and laboratory equipment for these rocks was measured. The findings indicated that the average

The Interests of British Military in Iraq was not based upon unified vision for the Iraqi identity ,it worked on breaking that identity and deal with the different ethnic and religious minorities and tried to bring it to its side and use it and its figures in the governmental position ,the aim was to make these minorities and here to the Britain to achieve its purposes and strategies in Iraq also vowed to provoked discord social conflicts between the components of Iraqi society.
However , the British military administration depended the portioning and deepen the cracks by depending on ethnic as well as religious minorities to achieve its plans in the future and plays on the string of these minorities under the pretext of defending it

 تحقق القراءةُ التَّناصيَّة قيمة موضوعيَّة للدرسِ النَّقديّ المعاصر؛ بمؤثراتها الثَّقافيَّة، والمعرفيَّة، لأنَّ الإبداعَ من سمات التُّراث الشِّعري في العصر الوسيط، وهو مسرحٌ لتداخلات نصِّيَّة مع مصادر متعددة دينيَّة، وأدبيَّة، وتاريخيَّة أداء ومضامين؛ يأتي اختيارُ (التَّناص مع الحديث النَّبوي في شعر صفيّ الدِّين الحلّي)؛ بوصفه امتدادًا شعريَّا أصيلًا لحضارة راقية معطاء

This research aims primarily to highlight personal tax exemptions A comparative study with some Arab and European regulations. And by conducting both theoretical comparative analyses. Most important findings of the study is the need to grant personal and family exemptions that differ according to the civil status of the taxpayer (single or married). In other words, the exemption increases as the number of family members depend on its social sense. Also taking into account some incomes that require a certain effort and looking at the tax rates, it is unreasonable for wages to be subject to the same rates applied to commercial profits.      

     Facing industrial companies many pressures and challenges due to rapid changes in the business environment of contemporary, which requires them to do their performance look more inclusive rather than limiting performance evaluation on the financial perspective in spite of its importance, prompting companies to rethink their reality competitive through the adoption of methodologies and new philosophies to manage competitiveness of total quality management, and re-engineering of production processes, and knowledge management,... etc., as This study framework cognitive and practical "to evaluate the performance of a company Diyala General Electric Industries and how to rehabilitate