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Nation-Building in The Fragile States: Iraq After 2003 as a Model
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The nation-building process in fragile states is complex, often involving multifaceted challenges and opportunities. A pertinent example is Iraq post-2003, which serves as a model to study the intricacies of rebuilding a nation in the aftermath of conflict. During this period, we witnessed a significant international intervention aimed at establishing democratic governance, fostering economic development, and restoring social stability. Iraq’s nation-building journey showcases both successes and shortcomings. Establishing a representative government marked a step towards inclusivity and political participation, yet sectarian tensions persisted, hindering cohesive national identity. Economic initiatives aimed to harness Iraq's oil resources for growth, but corruption and mismanagement posed obstacles. Moreover, building a unified social fabric proved arduous, as historical divisions necessitated reconciliation efforts.

The Iraqi model underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach encompassing political, economic, and social dimensions. Effective nation-building hinges on addressing the root causes of fragility, promoting institutional resilience, and fostering societal cohesion. International actors play a vital role through capacity-building, diplomacy, and aid coordination but must respect local agencies and avoid imposing top-down solutions.

In this article, we address the problem of nation-building in fragile states by reviewing and analyzing the challenges that face this process and the opportunities available to overcome those challenges, with the selection of Iraq after 2003 as a model for the study.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2014
Journal Name
2014 44th European Microwave Conference
A low magnetic bias sub-millimetre wave semiconductor junction circulator
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Revitalization of a necrotic immature permanent anterior tooth (Case Report)
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Background: Management of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp is considered challenging to the clinician. Regeneration of pulp tissue is a relatively new approach for management of these teeth that allow continuation of root maturation rather than formation of just a calcific barrier as in apexification. Method: 9 years-old girl with traumatized upper left central incisor. The clinical and radiographical examinations revealed uncomplicated crown fracture, tenderness to percussion, absence of response to cold vitality test. Diagnostic X-ray revealed open apex with periapical radiolucency. Revascularization was suggested to treat the tooth, starting with irrigation of canal with 5% NaOCl + 3% H2O2, followed by 2 weeks of triple antibi

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2023
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Maxillary Ameloblastic Fibroma: Two Case Reports of a Rare Tumor
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Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare benign tumor usually affects the first two decades of life. The neoplasm is more predominant in mandibular molar-premolar region and rarely affects the maxilla. In this report, we present a couple of Ameloblastic fibroma cases, affecting boys at their 1st decade. The lesions were presented as swellings of their maxilla, which is atypical location. Radiographic images showed well-defined radiolucency containing areas of radio-opacities and impacted teeth. Differential diagnosis was established as cystic/neoplastic conditions. The lesions were incised and histopathologically diagnosed as Ameloblastic fibroma, since they were composed of immature odontogenic mesenchymal and epithelial cells showing different c

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 08 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Novel Technique for Alveolar Ridge Expansion: A Comparative Clinical Study
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Background: Piezosurgery improved the split approach by making it safer, easier, and less prone to complications when treating extremely atrophic crests. Densah drills, with their unique design, expand the ridge by densifying bone in a reverse, non-cutting mode. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of sagittal piezosurgery, which involves cutting bone to the full implant depth and then expanding it using osseodensification drills. We use this technique to expand narrow alveolar bones and simultaneously place dental implants in the maxillary and mandibular arches. Methods: Fourteen patients received 31 dental implants. The maxillary arch received 19, and the mandible received 12 dental implants. This study will include patients who

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2008
Journal Name
2008 First International Conference On Distributed Framework And Applications
A strategy for Grid based t-way test data generation
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 12 2003
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment of Viral Warts: A New Approach
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Verrucae vulgares are commonly encountered. The present work is designed in an attempt to build a systematic procedure for treating warts by carbon dioxide laser regarding dose parameters, application parameters and laser safety.
Patients and Methods: The study done in the department of dermatology in Al-Najaf Teaching Hospital in Najaf, Iraq. Forty-two patients completed the study and follow up period for 3 months. Recalcitrant and extensive warts were selected to enter the study. Carbon dioxide laser in a continuous mode, in non-contact application, with 1 mm spot size was used. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group of patients consisted of 60 lesions divided to 6 equal groups, in whom we use different outputs a

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 14 2020
Journal Name
Progress In Industrial Ecology, An International Journal
3D image reconstruction from its 2D projection - a simulation study
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A simulation study of using 2D tomography to reconstruction a 3D object is presented. The 2D Radon transform is used to create a 2D projection for each slice of the 3D object at different heights. The 2D back-projection and the Fourier slice theorem methods are used to reconstruction each 2D projection slice of the 3D object. The results showed the ability of the Fourier slice theorem method to reconstruct the general shape of the body with its internal structure, unlike the 2D Radon method, which was able to reconstruct the general shape of the body only because of the blurring artefact, Beside that the Fourier slice theorem could not remove all blurring artefact, therefore, this research, suggested the threshold technique to eliminate the

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences
Constructing a new mixed probability distribution with fuzzy reliability estimation
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This paper deals with constructing mixed probability distribution from mixing exponential

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Biomaterials
A Novel Coating of Orthodontic Archwires with Chlorhexidine Hexametaphosphate Nanoparticles
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Statement of the Problem. The use of orthodontic fixed appliances may adversely affect oral health leading to demineralizing lesions and the development of gingival problems. Aims of the Study. The study aimed to coat orthodontic archwires with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles (CHX-HMP NPs) and to evaluate the elusion of CHX from CHX-HMP NPs. Materials and Methods. A solution of CHX-HMP nanoparticles with an overall concentration of 5 mM for both CHX and HMP was prepared, characterized (using atomic force microscope and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy), and used to coat orthodontic stainless steel (SSW) and NiTi archwires (NiTiW). The coated segments were characterized (using scanning electron microscopy

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Current Researches On Social Sciences
A Study on Sociocultural Features among Turkish and Iraqi Women
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SM ADAI, BN RASHID, Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 2023

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