The US invasion of Iraq in 2003 unleashed the repressed national aspirations of the Kurdish people. After the colonial powers, especially Britain, failed to establish a homeland of scattered Kurds in Iraq, Turkey, Syria and Iran, Iraq's Kurds managed to establish a semi-independent state in the north of the country Which lasted decades against the central authority in Baghdad in protest against what they call the forced integration of Kurds in the Iraqi state, and to obtain more rights and privileges as partners in this country. The federal region in the Kurdistan region of Iraq has become a reality, and it is eager not to strengthen its authority in return for the authority of the central government, but to annex other areas inhabited b

Many therapeutic methods used to encourage reparative processes of cartilage and accelerate their healing such as drugs, magneto-laser and so on. Twenty four adult New Zealand rabbits used in this study. They were divided in to two groups; control and treaded with He –Ne laser. A square skin flap done on the medial aspect of both auricles followed by pealing a square piece of cartilage from the auricle then the flaps sutured .The site of the operation in the rabbits of the treated group were irradiated with He –Ne laser 5mw power for seven days began after the operation directly. 3 rabbits from each group used for collection of specimens for histopathological examination at the 1, 2, 4 & 6 weeks post the operation. Significant

Measuring university teachers attitudes towards the security man Summary This research aims to study the measurement of university teachers attitudes towards the security man, and represented the research sample (196) of teachers, including 124 males and 72 females from different faculties of Salah al-Din - Erbil University. The researchers adopted on a scale (Al-Tarawneh 2008), as amended, and its development, the scale consists of four areas and (28) paragraph covers paragraphs measure the beliefs and feelings of the individual towards the security man as the theme of direction. The research sample answered all the paragraphs of the scale grade five similar styles (Likert) (strongly OK, OK, neutral, non-OK, Strongly Disagree). The rese

The aim of the research is to identify the attitudes of Iraqi youth
towards volunteering work by using the survey method and the scale
tool to identify what young volunteers can carry from the attitudes
towards volunteering work because the phenomenon of volunteer
work is of great importance in society. The scale was applied to
(525) volunteers among Iraqi youth. The research reached a set
of results, the most prominent of which is the existence of positive
trends among young people towards volunteering work, meaning
that Iraqi youth volunteers have awareness of the concept of
volunteering correctly. As for their goals of volunteering, they are
humanitarian and social goals for the advancement of society, an

The study aims to identify the theoretical literature for all the variables of the study (ICT, GDP) as well as to identify the practical side of the impact of ICT on the per capita GDP in Iraq for the period (2004-2021). The study was based on the hypothesis that ICT impacts per capita GDP in Iraq. The problem of the study was to answer the question: does ICT contribute to per capita GDP? The study concluded that an increase in the rate of internet users per 100 people by one unit would increase. Increasing the landline telephone rate per 100 people by one unit will increase GDP per capita. In addition, increasing the mobile phone rate per 100 people by one unit will increase GDP per capita. The study recommended adopting rational poli

Media plays an important role in shaping the mental image of their audiences for individuals, groups and organizations, States and peoples. It is the window through which overlooks the masses on events and issues, and in the light of their exposure to these means are their opinions and impressions.

Despite the importance of direct experiences in shaping opinions, drawing pictures and impressions, it is inevitable to rely on these means as individuals can not engage in direct experiences with thousands of events, issues and topics that concern their community and other societies.

There is no doubt that media is of great importance at the present time, because of its significant impact in the management of the course of pol

سياسات الاتحاد الاوروبي والولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه ازمة الشرق الاوسط بعد الحادي عشر من ايلول

One of the difficulties that the kindergarten institution face is the lack of specialized teachers to work with the children at the kindergarten age for the majority  of this stage teachers were prepared to teaech in the elementary stage while the kindergarten child needs ateacher who is aware of the characteristics  and the demands of his growth and his behavioral emotional and social problems.

Therefore the best teacher must be chosen for the kindergarten and qualifying  her educationally in all that this qualifying  includes of  knowledge's.

The aims of the research:

The present research aims at the identification  of the n

   A new nano-sized NiMo/TiO₂-γ-Al₂O₃ was prepared as a Hydrodesulphurization catalyst for Iraqi gas oil with sulfur content of 8980 ppm, supplied from Al-Dura Refinery. Sol-gel method was used to prepare TiO₂- γ-Al₂O₃ nano catalyst support with 64% TiO_2, 32% Al₂O₃, Ni-Mo/TiO-γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared under vacuum impregnation conditions to loading metals with percentage 3.8 wt.% and 14 wt.% for nickel and molybdenum respectively while the percentage for alumina, and titanium became 21.7, and 58.61 respectively. The synthesized TiO₂- γ-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites and Ni-Mo /TiO₂

بناء على ما تقدم يتضح ان القطاع العام والقطاع الخاص ليسا موقفا ايدولوجيا انتقائيا، وانما هو انبثاق من العمود الفقري للصيرورة الرأسمالية القائمة على تقديس الملكية الخاصة، وان الادوار التي يمكن ان يلعباها ليسا منعزلين عن الحركة العامة للاقتصاد في كليته، وليس هما ابنا السياسات الاقتصادية، والبناء الفوقي بقدر ماهما نتاج الحركة الموضوعية وصيرورة التطور الاجتماعي معبرا عنها في تطور علاقات الانتاج وقوى الانتا