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jcopolicy-630
The dialectic of the relationship between democracy and freedom in the political thought of karl popper
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Recent studies agree that the democratic system in a country can only be established in an atmosphere of political and religious freedom. However, the term democracy and the term freedom have become controversial because their concepts remain multiple and different. Karl Popper is one of the most prominent philosophers in modern Western political thought, and one of the defenders of democracy as opposite to dictatorship. It has defined its function by its ability to restrain the ruling elite and to enforce it to prevent their tendency to tyranny. This can be achieved only in the context of the close relationship between democracy and freedom, so, if there is democracy in the absence of absolute freedom, democracy is a gateway to expanding freedom.           

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of (Cu2S)100-x( SnS2 )x thin films
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Thin films of (Cu2S)100-x( SnS2 )x at X=[ 30,40, &50)]% with thickness (0.9±0.03)µm , had been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates at 573 K. These films were then annealed under low pressure of(10-2) mbar ,373)423&473)K for one hour . This research includes , studying the the optical properties of (Cu2S)100-x-(SnS2)x at X=[ 30,40, &50)]% .Moreover studying the effect of annealing on their optical properties , in order to fabricate films with high stability and transmittance that can be used in solar cells. The transmittance and absorbance spectra had been recorded in the wavelength range (310 - 1100) nm in order to study the optical properties . It was found that these films had direct optical band

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Experimental Study of the Effect of Fuel Type on the Emitted Emissions from SIE at Idle Period
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The present study investigated the impact of fuel kind on the emitted emissions at the idling period. Three types of available fuels in Iraq were tested. The tests conducted on ordinary gasoline with an octane number of 82, premium gasoline with an octane number of 92, and M20 (consist of 20% methanol and 80% regular gasoline). The 2 liters Mercedes-Benz engine was used in the experiments.

The results showed that engine operation at idle speed emits high levels of CO, CO2, HC, NOx and noise. The produced emission levels depend highly on fuel type. The premium gasoline (ON=92) represents the lower emissions level except for noise at all idling speed. Adding methanol to ordinary gasoline (ON=82) showed high levels of emi

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 30 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
• The Effect Of Brodifacoum On The Reproduction Of Male Wild House Mouse Mus musculus ( Muridae : Rodentia)
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The study  dealt  with the effect  o r the anticoagu l ant  rodentici de Brcidi facom on the reproduction of  male mus musculus trapped from d i ftcrent loculitieo of Uagltdad prov ince and ted with different doses (50

,75 ,100  mg) of  pellets of  this  rodenticide. The  results showed n significant  decrease  (p<  0.0 I )   in   testicular  weight  and   volume, epididymal ( head and tail) weight and numbers of different spermatogenic cells. The rodenticide caused a significant decrease in sperms concentration and a significant increase in dead and abnormal sperms in testes and epididymis.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Changes of the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to the local therapeutic agent by using Nitrogen laser
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This study involves the investigation of the effect of nitrogen laser with 337.1 nm wavelength on the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by using local therapeutic due to burns. Thirty six isolate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were isolated from 25 patients suffering from sever burns, each isolate of bacteria was irradiated with nitrogen laser at (5, 10, 15 and 30) pulses/second repetition rates for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes for each repetition rate. The effects of nitrogen laser on the local therapeutics sensitivity of bacteria were obtained using Kirby Baur method. Changes in the sensitivity of bacteria to local therapeutics (Tetracyclin, Chloramphenicol, Flumizin and Fucidin) occur at high repetition rate(30 pulses/seco

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study The effect of central ion to the dithene complexes on spectral shifting of saturable absorber band
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In this work dithine complexes prepared from dithiol benzil ligand and central ion to the Ni,Pd,Pt, element the ligand and complexes have been investigated using FTIR spectrophotometer and uv-vis-NIR spectral reigns show higher intensity represents the ?-?* transition in the chromopher cycle .These absorption which appear in visible and near IR spectral regions ,According to the complexes of one group ,the spectral shifting due to the change of central ion has been found to be related to atomic number of central ion .This shifting is increased while decreasing the central ion atom number These complexes have been implemented in Nd+2:YAG cavity because each posses resonant absorption band near Nd+2:YAG, Nd+2:Glass emitting at (106

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Degree of Academic Leaders Practice at the University of Northern Border for Creative Leadership "Empirical Study"
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The study aimed to identify the degree of academic leaders practices at the University of Northern Border for creative leadership, which attribute to different variables (nature of work, employer, gender, years of experience in administrative work at the university). To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach survey. Therefore, the researcher used a questionnaire as a study tool, which consisted of (40) items that included dimensions (sensitivity to problems, initiative, originality, flexibility). The study sample consisted of (240) participants included (agents of colleges, and supporting deanships, and their employees) during the second semester of the academic year 1439/1440 AH. The results showed t

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Diyala River Water Quality on the Quality of Tigris River Water using GIS Mapping
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The assessment of a river water’ quality is an essential procedure of monitor programs and is used to collect basic environmental data. The management of integrated water resources in a sustainable method is also necessary to allow future generations to meet their water needs. The main objective of this research is to assess the effect of the Diyala River on Tigris River water quality using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Water samples have been collected monthly from November 2017 to April 2018 from four selected locations in Tigris and Diyala Rivers using the grab sampling method. Fourteen parameters were studied which are Turbidity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Electrical Conductivi

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Study the capability of Ecliptaalba plant to remove of lead from the polluted water by phytoremediation technique
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One of the major environmental problems is the pollution of water and soilsby toxic
heavy metals.The aim of current study was estimatation the ability of Eclipta alba
plant for the removal of (Pb) from the polluted water by phytoremedation technique
and study the effect of a number of parameters(Pb concentration, contact time and
pHvalues). The plant showed higher removal efficiency (99.2%) after 7 days of
treatment at 50ppm.The best removal efficiency of Pb 98.95% at 100ppm was
occurred at pH7. The root ability to accumulate Pb was more than the shoot ability,
after 7 days treatment of water and pH=7, they were 2852.5 mg/kg, 2497.5 mg/kg
and 502.5 mg/kg in roots, stems and leaves respectively. These results showe

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 21 2014
Journal Name
Sensors
Reduction of the Dimensionality of the EEG Channels during Scoliosis Correction Surgeries Using a Wavelet Decomposition Technique
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This paper presents a comparison between the electroencephalogram (EEG) channels during scoliosis correction surgeries. Surgeons use many hand tools and electronic devices that directly affect the EEG channels. These noises do not affect the EEG channels uniformly. This research provides a complete system to find the least affected channel by the noise. The presented system consists of five stages: filtering, wavelet decomposing (Level 4), processing the signal bands using four different criteria (mean, energy, entropy and standard deviation), finding the useful channel according to the criteria’s value and, finally, generating a combinational signal from Channels 1 and 2. Experimentally, two channels of EEG data were recorded fro

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Case Studies In Construction Materials
Experimental study of temperature effect on the mechanical tensile fatigue of hydrated lime modified asphalt concrete and case application for the analysis of climatic effect on constructed pavement
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Previous experimental studies have suggested that hot mixed asphalt (HMA) concrete using hydrated lime (HL) to partially replace the conventional limestone dust filler at 2.5% by the total weight of all aggregates showed an optimum improvement on several key mechanical properties, fatigue life span and moisture susceptibility. However, so far, the knowledge of the thermal response of the modified asphalt concrete and thermal influence on the durability of the pavement constructed are still relatively limited but important to inform pavement design. This paper, at first, reports an experimental study of the tensile fatigue life of HMA concrete mixes designed for wearing layer application. Tests were conducted under three different temperatur

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