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The US-Iranian dispute and its repercussions on Iraq After 2003
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Receipt date: 8/8/2020 acceptance date: 9/11/2020 Publication date: 31/12/2021

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

           The American-Iranian relations have been characterized by tensions since the arrival of the guardian jurist regime in Iran to leadership in 1979, as it was considered a turning point not only in the context of relations between the two countries, but also in the context of Iranian relations with the West in general, and through the first and second Gulf wars. This stage was coupled with the United States imposing economic sanctions and severing diplomatic relations with Iran, up to the beginning of the twenty-first century and the attacks of September 11, 2001, which contributed to increasing tension between the two countries after Iran's inclusion in the Axis of Evil states, despite Tehran's official condemnation and rejection of these attacks. The reasons for the disagreement between the two countries lie in Washington's fear of a radical, theocratic regime that seeks to adopt an expansionist project in the Arab region, by employing the sectarian factor, which contributes the destabilization and regional imbalance of power in one of the most important areas that threatens US national security, this is due to the considerations of the region's strategic reserves of energy, in addition to the presence of Israel. The importance of Iraq lies in this conflict, as it is the gateway from which Iran can gain access to and influence in the region, benefiting from the rapprochement and sectarian and cultural homogeneity with large segments of the Iraqi society, in addition to the mistakes of the American foreign policy and the failure of its strategy in Iraq and the region, it is imperative that the American administration maintain its military presence in Iraq to contain Iran and cut its arms extending to Syria and Lebanon. On this basis, we can consider Iraq the only loser in this difficult equation, and its field is prepared to settle external accounts at the expense of its national interest.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Biosynthesized Zinc oxide Nanoparticles on Phenotypic and Genotypic Biofilm Formation of Proteus mirabilis
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Proteus mirabilis is considered as a third common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, with urease production, the potency of catheter blockage due to the formation of biofilm formation is significantly enhanced. Biofilms are major virulence factors expressed by pathogenic bacteria to resist antibiotics; in this concern the need for providing new alternatives for antibiotics is getting urgent need, This study aimed to explore whether green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) can function as an anti-biofilm agent produced by P.mirabilis. Bacterial cells were capable of catalyzing the biosynthesis process by producing reductive enzymes. The nanoparticles were synthesized from cell free

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Word Cloud Model based on Hate Speech in an Online Social Media Environment
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Social media is known as detectors platform that are used to measure the activities of the users in the real world. However, the huge and unfiltered feed of messages posted on social media trigger social warnings, particularly when these messages contain hate speech towards specific individual or community. The negative effect of these messages on individuals or the society at large is of great concern to governments and non-governmental organizations. Word clouds provide a simple and efficient means of visually transferring the most common words from text documents. This research aims to develop a word cloud model based on hateful words on online social media environment such as Google News. Several steps are involved including data acq

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The science of premeditation for Islamic scholars: Its causes, controls, etiquette, scientific effects
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Abstract

This study came to clarify the redemption in terms of being a method and a subject of knowledge that has its causes, controls, etiquette and scientific implications for Muslim scholars.

The science of redemption has a historical extension, starting from the era of the Companions - may God be pleased with them - and through the stages of codification and classification of works in an effort to document it and diversify its methods at the inductive, analytical, critical and argumentative levels, and to determine its causes and from the completion of the research conclude it with evidence of its scientific effects because it is a science that enriched the Islamic library in general, and hadith in particular.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Measurement of the Radon Concentration and Annual Effective Dose in Malva sylvestris (Khabbaz) Plant Used in Traditional Medicine and Food
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In this study, the radon gas concentration as well as the annual effective dose in leaves of the Malvasylvestris (Khabbaz) plant used in the traditional treatment and as food in Iraq, for this, it is necessary to evaluate the concentrations radon gas, which were measured using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) CR-39 technique.  The  concentration and annual effective dose in samples were collected from Baghdad city ranged from minimum to maximum value 15.815 , 0.498 , 54.445 , 1.717  respectively, while the values of  concentration and annual effective dose in a sample collected from Karbala are 15.297 ,0.482 . These values of  concentration and annual effective dose less were compared with th

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Shaqra University's Role in Building the Mental Image of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 among Its Students
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The study problem is about the role of Shaqra University in building the mental image of the Kingdom’s 2030 vision among its female students. The study aims to examine the university’s role in providing information about the Kingdom’s 2030 vision, its role in shaping the vision’s image, the university’s role in the behavioral aspect of the vision, along with studying the extent of differences in answers of the sample individuals towards the study themes attributed to the personal variables. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method. A sample of (1399) female students was used to achieve the study objectives. The results showed that university’s role in building the mental image of the Kingdom’s 2030 vision, among

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Publication Date
Mon May 29 2023
Journal Name
Russian Law Journal
LEGAL RULES GOVERNING THE DURATION OF THE CONTRACT IN ITS PERIOD OF FORMATION (COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY)
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The duration of the contract is a legal term first provided for in French Amendment Decree No. 131/2016, and given the increasing importance of time in contracts, we have chosen to study the legal rules governing time at the formative stage by drawing on changes in French law compared to both Iraqi and Egyptian laws. Article 1102 of French Amendment Decree No. 131/2016 stipulates that: "Everyone is free to contract or not to contract, to choose the person with whom he contracts, and to determine the content and form of the contract within the limits established by law." Contractual freedom does not permit a breach of the rules relating to public order), as well as article 1104, which provides for (contracts must be nego

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 22 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Medicinal And Chemical Sciences
Organo-Clay Composites of Intercalated 4-Methylaniline and Its Schiff Base Derivative: Preparation and Characterization
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4-methylaniline and its Schiff base derivative were intercalated into the Bentonite clay interlayers in a solid state reaction followed by a condensation reaction to produce two organo-clay composites. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the changes in basal spacing of montmorillonite layers which exhibited noticeable alteration before and after the formation of the composites. FT-IR spectra, on the other hand, were utilized for identifying the structural compositions of the prepared materials as well as the formation of the intercalated Schiff base derivative. The surface morphology of the composites was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM and Atomic Force Microscope AFM, which reflected some differences in the surface of prepa

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Mono-Multi Vision and Its Relationship to Psychological Rebellion and Personality Traits of University Students
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The current research seeks to identify mono-multi Vision and its relation to the psychological rebellion and personality traits of university students. To achieve this aim, the researcher has followed all the procedures of the descriptive correlational approach, as it is the closest approach to the objectives of the current research. The researcher has determined his research community for Baghdad University students for the academic year 2019-2020. As for the research sample, it was chosen by the random stratified method with a sample of (500) male and female students. In order to collect data from the research sample, the researcher adopted a mono-multi-dimensional scale

(Othman, 2007), the researcher designed a psychological r

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Selective Attention and Its Relation to cognitive Load and Thinking Mistakes of Baghdad University Students
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The present search aims to develop a test for selective attention, cognitive load and thinking mistakes and measuring these concepts among Baghdad university students. To make a comparison between the selective attention, cognitive load, and the mistakes of thinking among students in term of gender. To identify the relationship among the selective attention, cognitive load and the mistakes of thinking of university students. To achieve these purposes, the searcher has developed a test for selective attention, cognitive load, and the mistakes of thinking. Then, these tools were applied to a sample of (200) university students were selected from (21) college. The researcher used t-test of one sample, t-test of two independent

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 03 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Personal and Moral Responsibility and Its Relation with Moral Flexibility upon Faculty of Secondary Schools
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Abstract

The factor that keeps society from collapsing and regressing to chaos, violence, and lawbreaking is to stick to the human moral principles and criteria of moral behavior that prevent the spread of corruption and crime to the extent that law becomes devoid of activity and loss its dot errant power in front of chaos. The role of moral behavior is to motivate individuals to respect the general laws in dealing with others. Because of the dissemination of odd behavior patterns within our society, the social links are been badly affected and it's urgent for educational institutions to perform their duty in working on spreading awareness about moral values and avoid deviant directions and socially threatening t

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