Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcopolicy-593
Alternative Perspectives in Explaining the Conduct of US Foreign Policy: A Historical-Critical View of Decision-Making Models
...Show More Authors

Receipt date:2/17/2021 acceptance date:3/16/2021 Publishing date:12/31/2021

Creative Commons LicenseThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Objective: This paper investigates the contradictions in the decision-making process of the United States, which historically proven to be successful policies in the short term, but in the long term proven to be wanting and failure. Methodology: The paper uses descriptive, historical, comparative method. Also, the paper proposes four models to examine the decision-making process and how it differs in the short term and the long term. The models are: 1. Individual and rational model (Model I); 2. Organizational and groupthink model (Model II); 3. Governmental and bureaucratic model (Model III); 4. Communication and information model (Model IV). Results: the study shows that Models I and IV are among the major explanatory factors for the failure of the US decision-making process in the long term. Conclusion: the study concludes that there is contradictions in the decision-making process of the United States in the long term versus the short term, the proposed four models, previously mentioned, show that Models I and IV that could speak to such contradiction and failure in the short term. However, synthesizing all of the models is critical in understanding and explaining the conduct of the US decision-making process.

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Diagnosing Pilgrimage Common Diseases by Interactive Multimedia Courseware
...Show More Authors

In this study, we attempt to provide healthcare service to the pilgrims. This study describes how a multimedia courseware can be used in making the pilgrims aware of the common diseases that are present in Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage. The multimedia courseware will also be used in providing some information about the symptoms of these diseases, and how each of them can be treated. The multimedia courseware contains a virtual representation of a hospital, some videos of actual cases of patients, and authentic learning activities intended to enhance health competencies during the pilgrimage. An examination of the courseware was conducted so as to study the manner in which the elements of the courseware are applied in real-time learn

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (9)
Crossref (9)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Detecting Textual Propaganda Using Machine Learning Techniques
...Show More Authors

Social Networking has dominated the whole world by providing a platform of information dissemination. Usually people share information without knowing its truthfulness. Nowadays Social Networks are used for gaining influence in many fields like in elections, advertisements etc. It is not surprising that social media has become a weapon for manipulating sentiments by spreading disinformation.  Propaganda is one of the systematic and deliberate attempts used for influencing people for the political, religious gains. In this research paper, efforts were made to classify Propagandist text from Non-Propagandist text using supervised machine learning algorithms. Data was collected from the news sources from July 2018-August 2018. After annota

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (21)
Crossref (11)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
F-Compact operator on probabilistic Hilbert space
...Show More Authors

This paper deals with the F-compact operator defined on probabilistic Hilbert space and gives some of its main properties.

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue May 03 2022
Journal Name
Teikyo Medical Journal
Tooth agenesis and palatal dimensions associated with craniofacial deformity- Cone Beam Computed Tomography based study
...Show More Authors

Cleft / palate is one of the common congenital deformities in craniofacial region, associated with different types of dental anomalies like (Tooth agenesis, impaction, and supernumerary teeth) with marked changes in palatal dimensions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of teeth agenesis and dental anomalies in cleft lip/palate patients using CBCT, and to compare the palatal dimension of cleft group with control subjects. Twenty-eight cleft cases collected during the period from 2015 to 2022, CBCT images evaluated, the study sample classified into two groups (14 bilateral and 14 unilateral cleft lip/palate) and the non-cleft control group (14 CBCT images). The presence of dental anomalies was assessed in relation to clef

... Show More
Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Zinc Element Traces to Inhibit Scale Formation on Cooling Tower and Air Cooler Systems
...Show More Authors

Calcium carbonate is predominantly present in aqueous systems, which is
commonly used in industrial processes. It has inverse solubility characteristics
resulting in the deposition of scale on heat transfer surface. This paper focuses on
developing methods for inhibition of calcium carbonate scale formation in cooling
tower and air cooler system where scaling can cause serious problems, ZnCl 2 and ZnI
2 has been investigated as scale inhibitor on AISI 316 and 304. ZnCl 2 were more
effective than ZnI 2 in both systems, and AISI 316 show more receptivity to the
chlorides salt compared to AISI 304. The inhibitors were more effective in cooling
tower than air cooler system. AISI 316 show more constant inhibition effic

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Modern Mathematical Sciences
Coupled Laplace-Decomposition Method for Solving Klein- Gordon Equation
...Show More Authors

In this paper, we consider a new approach to solve type of partial differential equation by using coupled Laplace transformation with decomposition method to find the exact solution for non–linear non–homogenous equation with initial conditions. The reliability for suggested approach illustrated by solving model equations such as second order linear and nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation. The application results show the efficiency and ability for suggested approach.

Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed May 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
An Investigation into Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Oscillating Fins
...Show More Authors

The present work describes numerical and experimental investigation of the heat transfer characteristics in a plate-fin, having built-in piezoelectric actuator mounted on the base plate (substrate). The geometrical configuration considered in the present work is representative of a single element of the plate-fin and triple fins. Air is taken as the working fluid. A performance data for a single rectangular fin and triple fins are provided for different frequency levels (5, 30 and
50HZ) , different input power (5,10,20,30,40 and 50W) and different inlet velocity (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6m/s) for the single rectangular fin and triple fins with and without oscillation. The investigation was also performed with different geometrical fin

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Some Results on Reduced Rings
...Show More Authors

The main purpose of this paper is to study some results concerning reduced ring with another concepts as semiprime ring ,prime ring,essential ideal ,derivations and homomorphism ,we give some results a bout that.

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Notes on Approximately Pure Submodules
...Show More Authors

Let R be a commutative ring with identity 1 and M be a unitary left R-module. A submodule N of an R-module M is said to be approximately pure submodule of an R-module, if for each ideal I of R. The main purpose of this paper is to study the properties of the following concepts: approximately pure essentialsubmodules, approximately pure closedsubmodules and relative approximately pure complement submodules. We prove that: when an R-module M is an approximately purely extending modules and N be Ap-puresubmodulein M, if M has the Ap-pure intersection property then N is Ap purely extending.

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences
Steganography using dual tree complex wavelet transform with LSB indicator technique
...Show More Authors

Image steganography is undoubtedly significant in the field of secure multimedia communication. The undetectability and high payload capacity are two of the important characteristics of any form of steganography. In this paper, the level of image security is improved by combining the steganography and cryptography techniques in order to produce the secured image. The proposed method depends on using LSBs as an indicator for hiding encrypted bits in dual tree complex wavelet coefficient DT-CWT. The cover image is divided into non overlapping blocks of size (3*3). After that, a Key is produced by extracting the center pixel (pc) from each block to encrypt each character in the secret text. The cover image is converted using DT-CWT, then the p

... Show More
Preview PDF
Scopus (5)
Crossref (3)
Scopus Crossref