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jcopolicy-593
Alternative Perspectives in Explaining the Conduct of US Foreign Policy: A Historical-Critical View of Decision-Making Models
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Receipt date:2/17/2021 acceptance date:3/16/2021 Publishing date:12/31/2021

Creative Commons LicenseThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Objective: This paper investigates the contradictions in the decision-making process of the United States, which historically proven to be successful policies in the short term, but in the long term proven to be wanting and failure. Methodology: The paper uses descriptive, historical, comparative method. Also, the paper proposes four models to examine the decision-making process and how it differs in the short term and the long term. The models are: 1. Individual and rational model (Model I); 2. Organizational and groupthink model (Model II); 3. Governmental and bureaucratic model (Model III); 4. Communication and information model (Model IV). Results: the study shows that Models I and IV are among the major explanatory factors for the failure of the US decision-making process in the long term. Conclusion: the study concludes that there is contradictions in the decision-making process of the United States in the long term versus the short term, the proposed four models, previously mentioned, show that Models I and IV that could speak to such contradiction and failure in the short term. However, synthesizing all of the models is critical in understanding and explaining the conduct of the US decision-making process.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
The Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
SSR-PCR technique for detecting the genetic diversity of Capsicum annuum L. in local and imported samples in Iraq
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Genetic variation was studied in 22 local and imported samples collected from local Iraqi market by using Single sequence repeat (SSR-PCR). Six primers set were used in this study. These primers produced 33 bands. Molecular weights of these bands ranged between 100 bp to 1500 bp. The number of polymorphic bands is 24, whereas the number of monomorphic bands is 9. The results of Dendrogram of the studied samples depended on SSR-PCR results by using Jaccard coefficient for genetic similarity was distributed the samples into 10 groups. This Dendrogram revealed a higher similarity between Iraqi/Balad green bell pepper and Iraqi/Yousifia green bell pepper with 1 value. This value is the highest between samples in comparison with lowest values (0

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 23 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Strength Variable Analysis With the Height of Body Mass Center In High Spike Position 4 In Volleyball League Players
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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2023
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The Impact of Osteoporosis on Teeth Decay in relation to Salivary Vitamin D among Menopause in Baghdad city, Iraq
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Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder that has an impact on general health, dental health and salivary composition. The mineralization of teeth happens simultaneously with that of the skeleton, but if mineral metabolism is disrupted, tooth failures will resemble those that affect bone tissue. Vitamin D plays a key role in bone and tooth mineralization.

Objective: to evaluate the impact of osteoporosis on teeth decay in relation to salivary vitamin D among menopause in Baghdad city.

Subjects and Methods: This study was cross sectional study. The study group consists of

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 01 2021
Journal Name
Biochemical & Cellular Archives,
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN AND/OR GUM ARABIC IN THE LOCAL PRODUCE SOFT AND HARD CHEESE IN BAGHDAD CITY
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antimicrobial solutions against Coliforms, E. coli O157: H7, yeasts and molds were evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Chitosan (CH) exhibited best antimicrobial activity against the treated microorganisms at concentration of (5%) with contact time for 6hrs at refrigeration temperature (4ÚC), zones of inhibition for (GA) and (CH) for each solution alone ranging from (0 to 10 mm), chitosan solution (CH) exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities, Gum Arabic washing solution showed significant antibacterial activity (P < 0.05) against the microorganisms at concentration (15%), without inhibitory effect against E. coli O157:H7 at concentration (10%), in the current study the results confirmed that (15%) (w/v) of GA and 5%

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2011
Journal Name
J Fac Med Baghdad
Overview of breast cancerpatients and their prognostic factors treated in Baghdad teaching hospital/ oncology department in the year 2010
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 23 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Computed tomography bone density in Hounsfield units at dental implant receiving sites in different regions of the jaw bone
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Background: Determination of local bone mineral density (BMD) with cortical thickness and bone height may offer a comprehensive description of the bone the surgeon will encounter when he or she actually sets the implant. Quantitative computed tomography (CT) (i.e., quantitative interpretation of values derived from Hounsfield units with a suitable calibration procedure) is the modality of choice to determine BMD. The aim of the present clinical study is to determine the local bone density in dental implant recipient sites using computerized tomography. Material and method: The sample consisted of (72) Iraqi patients whom referred to Al-Kharkh General hospital, Spiral CT scan Department for bone quality and quantity assessment after one wee

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2015
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Acetic Acid on Electrochemical Behavior of Sealed AA2319-T3 Al-Alloys Anodized in Phosphoric Acid Electrolytes
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Abstract

      The present study investigates the effect of acetic acid on corrosion behavior and its potential of hydrothermally sealed anodized AA2319-Al-alloys. Anodizing treatment was performed in stagnant phosphoric acid electrolyte with or without addition of acetic acid. Hydrothermal sealing was carried out in boiling water for each anodized specimen. The open circuit potential of the unsealed and sealed anodized samples was examined using open circuit potential measurement for the purpose of starting in scanning polarization diagrams. The potentiostatic polarization technique measurements were performed to assess corrosion behavior and sealing quality (i.e., degree of sealing) of

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Biography of the Last The formation of the ancient Pharaonic Warrior
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Cash studies on Biography few self, compared to what feet of analysis and criticism in the other arts as (novel, short story, poetry, theater, painting), however, is a biographical articles in the relatively few Arabic literature as presented in the other Arts, has taken this Art greater opportunity in our literature with his Taha Hussein (days), or (my life) to Ahmed Amin, or Fadwa Toukan (a nice trip, and difficult journey), or Jabra Ibrahim Jabra in the (first well) or (Princess Street), which forms taken from the self point of departure the desire to write a CV to try to familiarize readers with the information possible to the same creator, the remainder (ego) is the axis basis in a CV, gradually, starting from childhood through yout

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
An Analysis of Textual Themes in M.A Theses and Ph. D. Dissertations Written by Iraqi EFL Learners
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The present study investigates the realization and significance of textual themes in the organizational structure of M.A theses and Ph.D. dissertations, namely: the abstracts, introductions and conclusions, since in such parts the students depend on their own expressions, styles and constructions to express different viewpoints, plans, inferences, etc. The study also investigates the similarities and differences between M.A theses and Ph.D. dissertations concerning the use of textual themes;it sets out to conduct a detailed analysis of textual themes used in such texts. In conducting such an analysis, the study adopts Halliday's (1994) approach of textual themes. The results of such an analysis have clearly shown that, in spite of the di

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 20 2023
Journal Name
مجلة كلية التربية للبنات – الجامعة العراقية ،ت
Use of collocant food items in Arabic and English
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This paper investigates the collocational use of irreversible food binomials in the lexicons of English (UK) and Arabic (Iraq), their word-order motivations, cultural background, and how they compare. Data consisted in sixteen pairs in English, versus fifteen in Arabic. Data analysis has shown their word order is largely motivated by logical sequencing of precedence; the semantically bigger or better item comes first and the phonologically longer word goes last. These apply in a cline of decreasing functionality: logical form first, semantic importance second, phonological form last. In competition, the member higher in this cline wins first membership. While the entries in each list clearly reflect culturally preferred food meals in the UK

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