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jcopolicy-169
Fiscal federalism: a study of the concept and models
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يمثل الأخذ بالنظام الفيدرالي أطاراً تنظيمياً لشكل الدولة و مرحلة تحول مهمة في بنية الدولة العامة في مختلف مجالاتها، فالانتقال من المركزية في أدارة الشؤون العامة للدولة الى النمط الفيدرالي يمثل تحولا بنيوياً وسيكولوجياً ،حيث يكون هنالك توزيع مكاني - عمودي للسلطة والثروة بين الوحدات المكونة للدولة بشكل يختلف كليا عن الحالة المركزية، ونجد صور تنظيمية عديدة تتأسس ضمن اطار الفيدرالية العام ،مثل الفيدرالية السياسية والفيدرالية الاقتصادية والفيدرالية الاجتماعية والفيدرالية التربوية والفيدرالية الامنية والفيدرالية التعليمية والفيدرالية المالية، وهذه الأخيرة تعد من أبرز الصور كونها تعالج مجال مهم من مجالات الفيدرالية هو عملية توزيع وإدارة الجانب المالي بين الوحدات المكونة للجسد الفيدرالي العام، من هنا جاء هذا البحث ليقدم صورة عامة عن الفيدرالية المالية مع الاشارة الى مجموعة من النماذج الفيدرالية المالية المطبقة في بعض الدول الفيدرالية في العالم .

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Solid State Technology
Access Control Security Review: Concepts and Models
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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Solid State Technology
Access Control Security Review: Concepts and Models
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HS Saeed, SS Abdul-Jabbar, SG Mohammed, EA Abed, HS Ibrahem, Solid State Technology, 2020

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of social audit in social performance an applied study of the views of a sample of managers and staff of Algerian business organizations
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            This research aims at clarifying the concept of social auditing, which is one of the most important reasons for its emergence is social responsibility accounting and its role in measuring the social performance of enterprises. The study also aimed to know how social auditing has an impact and its role in improving the social performance of business organizations, and the research refers to testing the hypotheses of an impact of social auditing on social performance through a commitment to social responsibility. The research sample consisted of 200 individuals from 20 Algerian business organizations and represented individuals who were researched in managers and em

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 31 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A Pragmatic Study of Identity Representation in American Political Speeches
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Identity is an influential and flexible concept in social sciences and political studies. The basic sense of identity is looking for uniqueness. In one sense, it is a sign of identification with those we assume they are similar to us or at least in some significant ways they are so. Globalization, migration, modern technologies, media and political conflicts are argued to have a crucial effect on identity representation in terms of the political perspectives specifically in the United States of America. This paper endeavors to investigate how American politicians represent their identities in speeches delivered in different periods of time namely from 2015 to 2018 in terms of the pragmatic paradigm. Three randomly selected speeches by fa

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 14 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Representations of the event in the drawings of the civilizations of the ancient world (selected models)
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This research is concerned with studying the representations of the event in the drawings of the ancient civilizations of the world, and the research consists of two axes, the axis of the theoretical framework, which included (the research problem, its aim, its limits, and the definition of its terminology).
The research aims to reveal how the event pattern was formulated by the artist on the surface of his visual achievement, and the limits of the search were spatial in the ancient civilizations of Iraq, Egypt, Greece and Rome, but the limits of the temporal research could not be determined because they were before birth, and objectively:
representations of the event in the civilizations of the ancient world This axis also in

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A comparative study in disruptive behavior at the Deprived and non-Deprived students from their parents at the Secondary stage
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The current research aims to :
•know the level of the chaotic behavior of the sample as a whole .
•Know the differences with statistical significance in disorderly behavior between the
disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged peers .
To achieve these objectives, the selected sample of Talbhalmrahlh medium and specifically
students of the second grade average, were chosen randomly stratified's (360) students
included sex (male, female) and (deprived of the Father and the non-deprived) for the
academic year (2013-2014) to the province Baghdad on both sides (Rusafa-Karkh (
As applied to them measurements of disorderly behavior, which is prepared by the researcher,
having achieved _khasaúsma of psychometric (valid

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Federated states of monks in the holy Quran (Study and analysis)
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Thank God also taught us that thanks . thank meets the blessings and rewards mazidk glory we have no knowledge except what you have taught you Alim hakim , not counted praise you as yourself praised and pray and to recognize the envoy mercy to the worlds , prophet Mohammed and his family and companions and guided to the day of judgment .
But after :
Aware of the interpretation of the most important science needed by Muslims because God Almighty sent down the Quraan to be a way of the life for Muslims is subject to a healing for what is in the breasts and it slaham and flaham and has spared the nation from crisisThe stats of the monks , like other verses talking about Christians and Jews and what they have invented in the religion o

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 17 2024
Journal Name
مجلة ميسان لعلوم التربية البدنية
A historical study of the origins of the sport of polo and its development from the royal court to the stadiums of modern times
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The sport of polo, the game of kings and sultans, is one of the traditional sports that has defied time throughout its long history. It has preserved its historical roots and been able to adapt to contemporary requirements, societal transformations, and temporal and spatial variables. It has moved from an aristocratic sport practiced as a form of entertainment to a professional competitive sport. It attracts many players and millions of viewers, so it is a living model of how sports develop and transform from a local tradition into global sports with organized rules managed by international institutions and with many championships worldwide. Through this, the research objectives were formulated, including exploring sports' origins. Polo in

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Statistical Study of the Amount of Radiation Generated from Communication Towers in the Nineveh Plain Region, Baghdeda
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This research presents a statistical study of radiation generated from communication towers in the Nineveh Plain region Baghdeda. The intensity of radiation energy was measured at 10 meters away from the communication tower in different locations, using a (1PC XH-901 Dosimeter/ Personal Dose Alarm / Radiation Detector, dosage rate: 0.01 μSv/h to 150μSv/h) to measure the amount of radiation at various times. Energy densities were measured and compared with standard limits provided by other authorities, such as the International Committee for Radiation Protection. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 26 to implement the data. The results show that the means of the radiation levels measured at all the zones do not statistically differ

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of strategic Supremacy on strategic success A case study in Thi Qar Governorate
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Purpose To test the effect of strategic Supremacy on strategic success A case study in Thi Qar Governorate, methodology/approach – this is a mandatory entry.

a case study was used and applied to the Department managers of Government of the province of Thi Qar, Research limitations/implications – It is clear that the strategic Supremacy variable is not being used effectively to achieve strategic success.

Practical implications – use strategic supremacy positively to Support for strategic success. implementing and monitoring ignorance of them in how to use thi

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