Concealing the existence of secret hidden message inside a cover object is known as steganography, which is a powerful technique. We can provide a secret communication between sender and receiver using Steganography. In this paper, the main goal is for hiding secret message into the pixels using Least Significant Bit (LSB) of blue sector of the cover image. Therefore, the objective is by mapping technique presenting a model for hiding text in an image. In the model for proposing the secret message, convert text to binary also the covering (image) is divided into its three original colors, Red, Green and Blue (RGB) , use the Blue sector convert it to binary,  hide two bits from the message in  two bits of the least significant b

     The research was aimed tostudy themorphological and anatomical characteristics as well as habitatand geographical distributionof speciesPeltariaangustifolia DC., This study indicated that the plant specimens are perennial glabrous herbs, distinguished by the presence of distinct basal and cauline leaves, and simple corymb inflorescence. Flowers perianth consists of four obovate sepals, and four spathulate petals, with hexanderiaandroecium characterized by dilated filaments from the bases and gynoecium consists of obovate ovary and sessile stigma, the fruit reticulate silicula, and the seeds are ovate-elliptical with faintly reticulate configuration. As for the anatomical study, it included the study of the dimensions an

This study was performed at Nuclear Radiation Hospital in Baghdad for the period from
January 2011 to May 2011. 44 Blood samples were collected from patients suffered lung and
bladder cancer and 24 samples as healthy control individuals.
Routine liver functions tests were studied by measuring S.GPT, S.GOT and Kidney
function was evaluated by estimation of blood urea and creatinine in serum samples of
individuals studied.
It was observed that the incidence of lung and bladder cancer was higher in males than
females patients ( male 81.82 %, 72.73%, female18 .18%, 27.27% respectively).
Insignificant difference was noted among age of lung and bladder cancer patients
compared with control group. The results

In this study, the flavonoid and alkaloid content in the alcoholic extract of the shoots and flowers were identified in four species of the tribe Apieae / Apiacese : Ammi majus, Ammi visgana, Anethum graveolens and Foeniculum  vulgaris, and the flavonoids that were detected are (Apigenin, Coumarin, Kaempferol and Quercetin). The species Foeniculum vulgaris has recorded the highest concentration of total flavonoid content (Shoots and Flowers) among the studied species, reaching 4139.2 µg / ml. The total alkaloids are estimated for these species, and the Foeniculum vulgaris has recorded the highest concentration of the total alkaloid content as well.

Background: Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal bacteria related to the development of  superficial atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) may play an important roles in host immune responses to H pylori antigens.

Aim of the study: to investigate the association between HLA-DRB1 genotypes and superficial gastritis with H. pylori infection in an Iraqi patients.

Patients and methods: Sixty patients with superficial gastritis and 100 individuals with apparently normal results after endoscopic examination were recruited from Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital - G

Background: Quantitation of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) provides useful information for the evaluation of certain cancers.
Objectives:to estimate serum immunoglobulins level before and after surgery, and to shed light on the correlation of immunoglobulins with progression of CRC.
Patients and Methodes. By single radial immune diffusion method IgG, IgA, IgM were estimated in 100 CRC patients preoperatively, and in 20 patients postoperatively compared with 35
patients control with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 50 healthy control.
Results: The study showed significantly increased the serum IgM level in patients group preoperatively (p<0.001) compared with control group. On the other hand, no sig

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) known as marigold is known to have several pharmacological activities and used for the treatment of several diseases as measles, jaundice, constipation and several inflammations. Marigold flowers contain several chemical constituents mainly flavonoids, triterpenoids and essential oil. In this study marigold flowers cultivated in Iraq had been investigated for its flavonoids content. The study revealed the presence of quercetin and kaempferol glycosides and the absence of myricetin glycosides. The flowers were extracted with ethanol 70% fractionated with different solvent and the flavonoids were isolated by preparative HPLC. The isolated flavonoids were identified by measuring melting points, UV, IR,

Case Report: Common bile duct perforation has been reported in adults after invasive procedures, spontaneous common bile duct perforation is a rare entity as a cute abdomen in adults. A few cases due to choledocholithiasis have been reported as a cause of spontaneous perforation. We report an adult patient who presented with acute abdomen after spontaneous common bile duct perforation due to unknown etiology who was treated successfully.

Background: The periodic review conducted of acute bacterial meningitis in children younger than 5 years of age in Baghdad to reflect changes in the epidemiological pattern of this infection. 

Patients and Methods: Sixty patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of meningitis who were admitted to Central Teaching Hospital in Baghdad City were included in a prospective study started from the 1st October till the 30th of December 2009. By bacteriological study, biochemical and cytological study in the laboratory, WBCs in the blood with differential count was done to support the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Results: Present study revealed that from (60) patients (6) cases (10.0 %) showed posi

Normally, bacteria exposed to antibiotics at sub minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) inside the host. Therefore, the current study aimed to comprehend the association among hemolysins, biofilm, as well as gentamicin resistance in local MRSA isolates. Around 35 Staphylococcus aureus locally isolated from different clinical specimens were employed in this study. Methicillin resistance was detected via cefoxitin disk diffusion and mecA amplification methods. MIC of gentamicin was estimated by broth microdilution method. Hemolysin genes involving hla, hlb, hld, and hlg were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Microtiter plate method was employed for biofilm assessment